Tag: M.W=200-250

Micheli, Federico published the artcileCyazofamid; pesticide tolerances for emergency exemptions, Application In Synthesis of 120118-14-1, the publication is Federal Register (2012), 77(18), 4248-4252, database is CAplus.

Time-limited tolerances are established for residues of cyazofamid in or on basil, fresh (12 ppm) and dried (144 ppm). This action is in response to EPA’s granting of an emergency exemption under section 18 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) authorizing use of the pesticide on basil. This regulation establishes a maximum permissible level for residues of cyazofamid in or on these commodities. The time-limited tolerances expire on Dec. 31, 2014.

Federal Register published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C6H17NO3Si, Application In Synthesis of 120118-14-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Knight, Zachary A. published the artcileCyazofamid; pesticide tolerances, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the publication is Federal Register (2009), 74(129), 32448-32453, database is CAplus.

Tolerances are established for combined residues of cyazofamid and its metabolite, CCIM, expressed as cyazofamid in or on fruiting vegetable group 8 (0.4 ppm) and okra (0.4 ppm). A tolerance of 1.5 ppm is established with regional restrictions in or on grape. The established grape import and tomato tolerances are removed, as a regional tolerance on grape and fruiting vegetable group tolerance replaces them. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

Federal Register published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C13H16O2, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wiedmann, Jerome L. published the artcileTurfgrass dissipation of cyazofamid, Product Details of C11H8ClN3, the publication is ACS Symposium Series (2009), 97-109, database is CAplus.

Traditionally, the fate of pesticides applied to turf has been measured by a 120-day dissipation study to satisfy the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) data requirements. The focus of these studies has been to measure the rate of degradation of the active ingredient and its degradates as well as to assess the potential for leaching of each of these compounds into the soil. Historically, all grass clippings were left on the plot to recycle the residues. Recently, concern has also been raised about the loss of residues from the treated area via removal of the grass clippings during the mowing process. The fate of cyazofamid, a cyanoimidazole fungicide, used for Pythium control in turf was investigated with and without removal of clippings at sites in North Carolina and Virginia. Comparison of loss of cyazofamid by clipping removal to other mechanisms of dissipation indicates that for a pesticide such as cyazofamid, which has very short foliar and soil half-lives and which does not leach, the loss due to removal in the clippings is minimal (0.7-2.2%). Even with application rates of 1 lb a.i./A, dissipation of cyazofamid from turf was rapid (half-lives of 18 to 19 days). There was very little movement of either cyazofamid or its degradates into the soil. By 120 days after the last of three applications, 94-98.8% of the applied cyazofamid had degraded (primarily in the form of bound residues).

ACS Symposium Series published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C10H12F6N4O6PdS2, Product Details of C11H8ClN3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Anonymous published the artcileReasoned opinion on the review of the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for cyazofamid according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, Safety of 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, the publication is EFSA Journal (2012), 10(12), 3065, 38 pp., database is CAplus.

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has reviewed the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide cyazofamid. In order to assess the occurrence of cyazofamid residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Directive 91/414/EEC as well as the European authorisations reported by Member States (incl. the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, some information required by the regulatory framework was found to be missing. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and some MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers.

EFSA Journal published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C11H8ClN3, Safety of 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wang, Yue-mei published the artcileNew synthesis of fungicide cyazofamid, Synthetic Route of 120118-14-1, the publication is Nongyao (2015), 54(5), 324-326, database is CAplus.

Aims: This paper aims to report the new synthesis of fungicide cyazofamid. Methods: The compound was synthesized using 4-acetyltoluene as raw materials, through reactions of the oxidation, esterification, ammoniation, dehydration, chlorination and sulfonylation to obtain cyazofamid. And the paper mainly discussed the optimum process conditions for synthesizing substituted imidazole ring: reaction temperature is 85°C, reaction time is 10 h, ethanol as the solvent and n[2-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)acetaldehyde]:n[(NH₄)₂CO₄]:n[glyoxylic acid (50% water solution) ]:n(triethylamine) = 1:1.5:3:5. Results: The total yield was 37.0%. Conclusions: The process is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, all the intermediates are easy to be purified and identified.

Nongyao published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C8H6ClN, Synthetic Route of 120118-14-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Chen, Tao published the artcileSynthesis of 4(5)-chloro-2-cyano-5(4)-(4-methylphenyl)imidazole, Product Details of C11H8ClN3, the publication is Huaxue Shiji (2015), 37(6), 571-573, database is CAplus.

Compound 4-chloro-2-cyano-5-(4-methylphenyl)imidazole was synthesized from 4-methylacetophenone. It started from oxidation using selenium dioxide and cyclization by hydroxylamine and glyoxal solution to give 4-hydro-5-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxyiminomethylimidazole-3-oxide as the key intermediate. Then, the process was followed by dehydration and chlorination with thionyl chloride and N,N-dimethylformamide. The overall yield was 69.0% (based on 4′-methylacetophenone).

Huaxue Shiji published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C11H8ClN3, Product Details of C11H8ClN3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Tang, Fan published the artcileThe dissipation of cyazofamid and its main metabolite in soil response oppositely to biochar application, Formula: C11H8ClN3, the publication is Chemosphere (2019), 26-35, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Biochars derived from rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), chicken manure (CM) and tire rubber (TR) were applied to soil to investigate their effects on the dissipation of cyazofamid and its metabolite CCIM (4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile), with high acute toxicity compared to cyazofamid. The enhancement of cyazofamid dissipation followed the order of CS > RS > CM, whereas TR depressed the cyazofamid dissipation. Adsorption, hydrolysis and microbial degradation were all involved in cyazofamid dissipation. CM and CS enhanced the contribution of biodegradation to cyazofamid dissipation, which might be related with the shifted microbial community. More importantly, CCIM residual was drastically increased by 8-15 times after biochar application, regardless of biochar type. In total, this study shed light on the issue of build-up of metabolites in biochar-amended soil, especially for metabolites having higher toxicities than parent compounds, providing new insights into potential risk of biochar application for soil remediation.

Chemosphere published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C17H37NO3, Formula: C11H8ClN3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ning, Binke published the artcileSynthesis, characterization and crystal structure of cyazofamid, Related Products of imidazoles-derivatives, the publication is Yingyong Huagong (2010), 39(9), 1351-1354, database is CAplus.

Fungicide cyazofamid and its isomer were synthesized and their structures were established by IR, elemental anal. and ¹H NMR. The single crystal structure of cyazofamid was determined by X-ray diffraction anal. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, cell parameters: a=0.68045(18) nm, b=1.3363(4) nm, c=1.6427(4) nm, α=90°, β=93.048(4)°, γ=90°, V=1.4916(7) nm³, Z=4, Dc=1.446 mg/m³, μ=0.405 mm^-1, F(000)=672.

Yingyong Huagong published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C11H8ClN3, Related Products of imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Qi published the artcileDiscovery and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Highly Potent Selective Butyrylcholinsterase Inhibitor, Recommanded Product: 4-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2020), 63(17), 10030-10044, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

To discover novel BChE inhibitors, a hierarchical virtual screening protocol followed by biochem. evaluation was applied. The most potent compound 8012-9656(I) (eqBChE IC₅₀ = 0.18 ± 0.03 μM, hBChE IC₅₀ = 0.32 ± 0.07 μM) was purchased and synthesized. It inhibited BChE in a noncompetitive manner and could occupy the binding pocket forming diverse interactions with the target. 8012-9656 was proven to be safe in vivo and in vitro and showed comparable performance in ameliorating the scopolamine-induced cognition impairment to tacrine. Addnl., treatment with 8012-9656 could almost entirely recover the Aβ_1-42 (icv)-impaired cognitive function to the normal level and showed better behavioral performance than donepezil. The evaluation of the Aβ_1-42 total amount confirmed its anti-amyloidogenic profile. Moreover, 8012-9656 possessed blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating ability, a long T_1/2, and low intrinsic clearance. Hence, the novel potential BChE inhibitor 8012-9656 can be considered as a promising lead compound for further investigation of anti-AD agents.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 332026-86-5. 332026-86-5 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Oxadiazole,Amine,Benzimidazole, name is 4-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine, and the molecular formula is C9H7N5O, Recommanded Product: 4-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Yang, Qingxi published the artcileThe dissipation of cyazofamid and its main metabolite CCIM during wine-making process, Quality Control of 120118-14-1, the publication is Molecules (2020), 25(4), 777, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Few studies have focused on the residues of cyazofamid and its main metabolite CCIM (4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile) in the wine making process, which is crucial to evaluate the potential food risk of cyazofamid and CCIM. In this work, detailed study has been conducted on the evaluation of the fate of cyazofamid and its main metabolite CCIM during the wine-making process. The targeted compounds cyazofamid and CCIM were separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and processing procedure including washing, peeling, fermentation, and clarification. Results showed that residues of cyazofamid and CCIM decreased significantly in wine processing. The dissipation of cyazofamid in the fermentation process followed the first-order of kinetics, and the half-life of cyazofamid was 46.2-63.0 h, whereas, the residues of CCIM, in the three treatments, decreased with time elapse. The processing factors (PFs) were all less than one in different processing processes, and the PFs ranges of cyazofamid and CCIM were 0.003-0.025 and 0.039-0.067 in three treatments in the overall process. The outcome indicated that the whole process could significantly reduce the residues of cyazofamid and CCIM in red and white wines. The results might provide more precise risk assessments of cyazofamid in the wine-making process.

Molecules published new progress about 120118-14-1. 120118-14-1 belongs to imidazoles-derivatives, auxiliary class Imidazole,Chloride,Nitrile,Benzene, name is 4-Chloro-5-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile, and the molecular formula is C10H14O, Quality Control of 120118-14-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem