Tag: 0-100

In 2022,Sheikh, Hamdullah Khadim; Arshad, Tanzila; Habib, Uzma; Mohammad, Zainab Sher; Siddiqui, Maaz Uddin Ahmed; Hassan, Mohtasheemul published an article in Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The title of the article was 《Colorimetric chromophoric rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 through breath analysis》.Recommanded Product: 7720-39-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Early and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected person is one fundamental part of the strategy against the spread of this virus. As of now, the usual practice is to carry out polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test which provides results in 24-48 h. Hence, there exists a crucial need for rapid and immediate screening of people suspected to be infected. Presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath can be one such prospect for detection of virus. In this paper, we have designed chromophoric adducts of VOC′s in the exhaled breath that can be formed for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2. We noted the bathochromic shift in λ (nm) of VOC mols. upon chromophore formation for colorimetric detection. If adapted, this research work will result in low cost solution to the requirement of immediate detection of SARS-CoV-2, hence cost and time of testing will be reduced, compared to PCR and antibodies tests. Also VOC′s detection in early stage of infection where symptoms are not visible can be advantageous. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Recommanded Product: 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.Recommanded Product: 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,International Journal of Biological Macromolecules included an article by Noguchi, Seiichiro; Sato, Koki; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Kadokawa, Jun-ichi. Reference of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole. The article was titled 《Preparation of composite and hollow particles from self-assembled chitin nanofibers by Pickering emulsion polymerization》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

This study investigated Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene using self-assembled chitin nanofibers (CNFs) as stabilizers to produce CNF-based composite particles, which were further converted into hollow particles. Previously, we reported that regeneration from a chitin/1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ion gel using methanol fabricated self-assembled CNFs. Prior to the emulsion polymerization, CNFs were maleylated by reaction with maleic anhydride in the presence of perchloric acid. After styrene was added to a dispersion of the produced anionic CNFs in ammonia aqueous, a mixture was ultorasonicated to give an emulsion, in which styrene droplets were stably surrounded by CNFs. Radical polymerization was then conducted in the presence of potassium persulfate as an initiator to produce the composite particles. Particle sizes became smaller as the amounts of CNFs increased. The hollow particles were prepared by solubilizing out the polystyrene cores with toluene. After reading the article, we found that the author used 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Reference of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Reference of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Rapid Ultrasensitive Gel-Free Immunoblotting with Magnetic Labels》 was written by Shlyapnikov, Yuri M.; Kanev, Igor L.; Shlyapnikova, Elena A.. Product Details of 616-47-7 And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Immunoblotting is widely used for the detection of proteins using specific antibodies. We present here a new immunoblotting method, which is characterized by exceptional sensitivity, rapidness, and low consumption of antibodies. A thin conductive layer between touching hydrophilic cellulose membranes instead of polyacrylamide gel is used for the electrophoretic separation of proteins. Contrary to common Western blotting, the separation occurs in nondenaturing conditions. The membrane surface is smoothed by deposition of the cellulose layer and modified with azidophenyl groups, allowing for the photochem. in situ immobilization of proteins, which are carried out after the electrophoresis. Thus, the addnl. step of transferring the protein from the gel onto the membrane is eliminated. Specific protein bands are then visualized by decoration with magnetic beads. The limit of detection of interleukin IL-1β reaches 0.3 fg or ∼104 mols., whereas the total blotting time is about 5 min. The application of the technique is demonstrated by the detection of IL-1β, total IgA, and IgA specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in the exhaled breath samples, obtained from healthy subjects and tuberculosis patients. After reading the article, we found that the author used 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Product Details of 616-47-7)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.Product Details of 616-47-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2022,Dai, Yue; Wu, Xiaopei; Yin, Yihua; Dai, Honglian published an article in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands). The title of the article was 《GSH/enzyme-responsive 2-sulfonyl-1-methylimidazole prodrug for enhanced transdermal drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy against hyperthyroidis》.HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Novel GSH/enzyme-responsive anti-hyperthyroidism prodrugs designed for transdermal delivery of 2-sulfonyl-1- methylimidazole (MMI) were synthesized by a Michael addition reaction of MMI with propiolic acid (PA) followed by esterification with three long chain fatty alcs. and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Their maximum steady state flux through rat skin in the PG/W solution was found to be more than 37-times faster than that of MMI. The result may be attributed to the improved lipophilicity of prodrug and rapid bioconversion. The prodrugs were hydrolyzed by esterase on passing through the skin and appeared mainly as intermediate MMI-PA in the receiver compartment and accompanied by a small amount of MMI and intact prodrug. The prodrugs did not release any MMI in the media without GSH or with 100 μM GSH, while the obvious MMI release could be observed within 6.4 h in the media containing 2 mM and 10 mM GSH, and their maximum cumulative release rates reached 95.07% for lauryl alc. ester prodrug (MMI-PA-OLa). MMI-PA-OLa exhibited a significant inhibition effect on lactoperoxidase (LPO) after being incubated in millimolar GSH media, whose inhibition rate was very similar to that of free MMI with an equivalent dose. These results suggested that MMI-PA-OLa could pass efficiently through the skin and release MMI in response to the intracellular environment. After reading the article, we found that the author used 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids as potential antifungal agents》 was published in Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Weinheim, Germany) in 2020. These research results belong to Perez, Ser John Lynon P.; Atayde, Eduardo C. Jr.; Arco, Susan D.. Name: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole The article mentions the following:

In an effort to discover lead compounds that may be of importance as potent antifungal agents, a series of novel 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids were efficiently synthesized through a solvent-free ultrasound-assisted quaternization reaction of 1-methylimidazole and alkyl bromides RBr (R = hexyl, octyl) followed by an anion exchange process with selected carboxylate anions (cinnamate, salicylate, crotonate, and oxalate). Quant. yields obtained were in the range of 86-94%. Structure characterization was done using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. All the synthesized compounds showed in vitro antifungal activity against the fungus Candida albicans with the min. inhibitory concentrations found to be less than or equal to 1%. Preliminary cytotoxicity assays (trypan blue exclusion and MTT) were performed on all ionic liquids and findings revealed higher lymphocyte viability in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids than in 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium counterparts. No extensive toxicity effect was observed with the carboxylate anion variation. Among the tested compounds, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium crotonate and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium oxalate exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity in the trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays, resp. Together, our results highlight the potential of carboxylate-based ionic liquids in the development of next-generation antifungal drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Name: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Name: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Detection of miRNAs by tissue printing and dot blot hybridization》 were Nunez, Marcelino Martinez; de Folter, Stefan; de Fatima Rosas-Cardenas, Flor. And the article was published in Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) in 2019. Application of 616-47-7 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Tissue printing and dot blot are simple techniques to detect miRNA expression and localization, allowing a better understanding of the function of a miRNA. The authors describe a tissue printing and a dot blot hybridization protocol for miRNA detection and localization in plant tissues, which opens the possibility of analyzing spatiotemporal expression patterns of miRNAs. After reading the article, we found that the author used 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Application of 616-47-7)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.Application of 616-47-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Preparation of 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole from derivatives of 1-methylimidazole and its oxidation under nitration conditions》 was written by Lian, Peng-Bao; Chen, Jian; Chen, Li-Zhen; Zhao, Chong-Yang; Wang, Jian-Long; Shen, Fen-Fen. Synthetic Route of C4H6N2 And the article was included in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

1-Methylimidazole, 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole, 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, or 1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole gave a mixture of 1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole and 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole under the volume ratio of HNO3 to H2SO4 of 1:3 at 80° temperature for 2.5 h, and the highest unisolated yield of 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole was 2.4%. 1-Methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole was prepared from 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitroimidazole, or 1-methyl-2,5-dinitroimidazole under the same conditions, and the yields were 65, 76, and 82%, resp. However, when the ratio of HNO3 to H2SO4 was 1:5 and reaction was carried out at 120° for 2.5 h, only 1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole was obtained from 1-methylimidazole, 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole, or 1-methyl- 5-nitroimidazole in yields 43, 64, and 81%, resp. 1-Methyl-2-nitroimidazole, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitroimidazole, or 1-methyl- 2,5-dinitroimidazole gave 1-methylimidazolidine-2,4,5-trione under the same conditions, the yields were 61, 63, and 65%, resp. Meanwhile, 1-methylimidazolidine-2,4,5-trione was obtained from 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole. Under strong nitration conditions, the nitro group at the C-2 position is a key substituent to promote oxidation of the imidazole ring. The possible reaction mechanism for the formation of 1-methylimidazolidine-2,4,5-trione from 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole is given. The structure of 1-methylimidazolidine-2,4,5-trione was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Synthetic Route of C4H6N2)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.Synthetic Route of C4H6N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amineIn 2020 ,《In vitro selection of ribozyme ligases that use prebiotically plausible 2-aminoimidazole-activated substrates》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Walton, Travis; Das Gupta, Saurja; Duzdevich, Daniel; Oh, Seung Soo; Szostak, Jack W.. The article contains the following contents:

The hypothesized central role of RNA in the origin of life suggests that RNA propagation predated the advent of complex protein enzymes. A critical step of RNA replication is the template-directed synthesis of a complementary strand. Two exptl. approaches have been extensively explored in the pursuit of demonstrating protein-free RNA synthesis: template-directed nonenzymic RNA polymerization using intrinsically reactive monomers and ribozyme-catalyzed polymerization using more stable substrates such as biol. 5′-triphosphates. Despite significant progress in both approaches in recent years, the assembly and copying of functional RNA sequences under prebiotic conditions remains a challenge. Here, we explore an alternative approach to RNA-templated RNA copying that combines ribozyme catalysis with RNA substrates activated with a prebiotically plausible leaving group, 2-aminoimidazole (2AI). We applied in vitro selection to identify ligase ribozymes that catalyze phosphodiester bond formation between a template-bound primer and a phosphor-imidazolide-activated oligomer. Sequencing revealed the progressive enrichment of 10 abundant sequences from a random sequence pool. Ligase activity was detected in all 10 RNA sequences; all required activation of the ligator with 2AI and generated a 3′-5′ phosphodiester bond. We propose that ribozyme catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation using intrinsically reactive RNA substrates, such as imidazolides, could have been an evolutionary step connecting purely nonenzymic to ribozyme-catalyzed RNA template copying during the origin of life. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amine)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Acylation is one of the most important reactions of primary and secondary amines; a hydrogen atom is replaced by an acyl group (a group derived from an acid, such as RCOOH or RSO3H, by removal of ―OH, such as RC(=O)―, RS(O)2―, and so on). Reagents may be acid chlorides (RCOC1, RSO2C1), anhydrides ((RCO)2O), or even esters (RCOOR′); the products are amides of the corresponding acids.Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 7720-39-0In 2020 ,《A continuous reaction network that produces RNA precursors》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Yi, Ruiqin; Tran, Quoc Phuong; Ali, Sarfaraz; Yoda, Isao; Adam, Zachary R.; James Cleaves, H.; Fahrenbach, Albert C.. The article contains the following contents:

Continuous reaction networks, which do not rely on purification or timely additions of reagents, serve as models for chem. evolution and have been demonstrated for compounds thought to have played important roles for the origins of life such as amino acids, hydroxy acids, and sugars. Step-by-step chem. protocols for ribonucleotide synthesis are known, but demonstrating their synthesis in the context of continuous reaction networks remains a major challenge. Herein, compounds proposed to be important for prebiotic RNA synthesis, including glycolaldehyde, cyanamide, 2-aminooxazole, and 2-aminoimidazole, are generated from a continuous reaction network, starting from an aqueous mixture of NaCl, NH4Cl, phosphate, and HCN as the only carbon source. No well-timed addition of any other reagents is required. The reaction network is driven by a combination of γ radiolysis and dry-down. γ Radiolysis results in a complex mixture of organics, including the glycolaldehyde-derived glyceronitrile and cyanamide. This mixture is then dried down, generating free glycolaldehyde that then reacts with cyanamide/NH3 to furnish a combination of 2-aminooxazole and 2-aminoimidazole. This continuous reaction network models how precursors for generating RNA and other classes of compounds may arise spontaneously from a complex mixture that originates from simple reagents. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Application of 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Application of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 7720-39-0In 2017 ,《insight into the mechanism of nonenzymatic RNA primer extension from the structure of an RNA-GpppG complex》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Zhang, Wen; Tam, Chun Pong; Walton, Travis; Fahrenbach, Albert C.; Birrane, Gabriel; Szostak, Jack W.. The article contains the following contents:

The nonenzymic copying of RNA templates with imidazole-activated nucleotides is a well-studied model for the emergence of RNA self-replication during the origin of life. We have recently discovered that this reaction can proceed through the formation of an imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate that reacts rapidly with the primer. To gain insight into the relationship between the structure of this intermediate and its reactivity, we cocrystd. an RNA primer-template complex with a close analog of the intermediate, the triphosphate-bridged guanosine dinucleotide GpppG, and solved a high-resolution X-ray structure of the complex. The structure shows that GpppG binds the RNA template through two Watson-Crick base pairs, with the primer 3′-hydroxyl oriented to attack the 5′-phosphate of the adjacent G residue. Thus, the GpppG structure suggests that the bound imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate would be preorganized to react with the primer by in-line SN2 substitution. The structures of bound GppG and GppppG suggest that the length and flexibility of the 5′-5′ linkage are important for optimal preorganization of the complex, whereas the position of the 5′-phosphate of bound pGpG explains the slow rate of oligonucleotide ligation reactions. Our studies provide a structural interpretation for the observed reactivity of the imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate in nonenzymic RNA primer extension. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Application of 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.Application of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem