Wu, Xiaolin’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020-06-23 | 452-06-2

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (ang43). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Wu, Xiaolin; Cao, Bo; Aquino, Patricia; Chiu, Tsu-Pei; Chen, Chao; Jiang, Susu; Deng, Zixin; Chen, Shi; Rohs, Remo; Wang, Lianrong; Galagan, James E.; Dedon, Peter C. published the artcile< Epigenetic competition reveals density-dependent regulation and target site plasticity of phosphorothioate epigenetics in bacteria>, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is phosphorothioate epigenetics transcription regulation Salmonella; ChIP-seq; DNA modification; DNA target selection; epigenetics; restriction-modification.

Phosphorothioate (PT) DNA modifications-in which a nonbonding phosphate oxygen is replaced with sulfur-represent a widespread, horizontally transferred epigenetic system in prokaryotes and have a highly unusual property of occupying only a small fraction of available consensus sequences in a genome. Using Salmonella enterica as a model, we asked a question of fundamental importance: How do the PT-modifying DndA-E proteins select their GPSAAC/GPSTTC targets. Here, we applied innovative anal., sequencing, and computational tools to discover a novel behavior for DNA-binding proteins: The Dnd proteins are “”parked”” at the G6mATC Dam methyltransferase consensus sequence instead of the expected GAAC/GTTC motif, with removal of the 6mA permitting extensive PT modification of GATC sites. This shift in modification sites further revealed a surprising constancy in the d. of PT modifications across the genome. Computational anal. showed that GAAC, GTTC, and GATC share common features of DNA shape, which suggests that PT epigenetics are regulated in a d.-dependent manner partly by DNA shape-driven target selection in the genome.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (ang43). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Gate, G’s team published research in Comprehensive Series in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences in 2021 | 452-06-2

Comprehensive Series in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences published new progress about Aquation. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Gate, G.; Williams, A.; Haggmark, M. R.; Svadlenak, N. D.; Hill, G.; De Vries, M. S. published the artcile< Nucleobases as molecular fossils of prebiotic photochemistry: excited-state dynamics of C2 and C6 substituted purines>, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2, the main research area is nucleobase substituted purine mol fossil prebiotic dynamic photochem.

The nucleobases that are involved in replication exhibit short excited-state lifetimes which provide high intrinsic stability against otherwise harmful UV photo-damage. UV protection comes about when electronic excitation is converted to heat by internal conversion at rates too fast for other more harmful reactive pathways to occur while subsequently safely dissipating the energy to the environment. The canonical nucleobases generally decay in less than 1 ps, orders of magnitude faster than in most other heterocyclic compounds This property would have been highly advantageous for the first self-replicating mols. in prebiotic times before modern enzymic repair or the formation of the ozone layer that would later attenuate the high levels of UV radiation penetrating the early atm. The safe elimination of excess electronic energy in the canonical bases is exquisitely sensitive to mol. structure and much slower relaxation is observed in many closely related structures. These many variations of the canonical nucleobases, such as different derivatives and analogs, would likely have been present in a primordial soup. Alternative combinations of mol. building blocks would conceivably have been possible to for.

Comprehensive Series in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences published new progress about Aquation. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Kamiya, Yukiko’s team published research in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2020-04-15 | 452-06-2

Chemistry – An Asian Journal published new progress about Nucleic acid hybridization (SNA-RNA). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Quality Control of 452-06-2.

Kamiya, Yukiko; Sato, Fuminori; Murayama, Keiji; Kodama, Atsuji; Uchiyama, Susumu; Asanuma, Hiroyuki published the artcile< Incorporation of Pseudo-complementary Bases 2,6-Diaminopurine and 2-Thiouracil into Serinol Nucleic Acid (SNA) to Promote SNA/RNA Hybridization>, Quality Control of 452-06-2, the main research area is diaminopurine thiouracil serinol nucleic acid RNA hybridization; 2,6-diaminopurine; 2-thiouracil; acyclic nucleic acid; pseudo complementary base; serinol nucleic acid.

Serinol nucleic acid (SNA) is a promising candidate for nucleic acid-based mol. probes and drugs due to its high affinity for RNA. The authors’ previous work revealed that incorporation of 2,6-diaminpurine (D), which can form three hydrogen bonds with uracil, into SNA increases the melting temperature of SNA-RNA duplexes. However, D incorporation into short self-complementary regions of SNA promoted self-dimerization and hindered hybridization with RNA. Here the authors synthesized a SNA monomer of 2-thiouracil (sU), which was expected to inhibit base pairing with D by steric hindrance between sulfur and the amino group. To prepare the SNA containing D and sU in high yield, the authors customized the protecting groups on D and sU monomers that can be readily deprotected under acidic conditions. Incorporation of D and sU into SNA facilitated stable duplex formation with target RNA by suppressing the self-hybridization of SNA and increasing the stability of the heteroduplex of SNA and its complementary RNA. The authors’ results have important implications for the development of SNA-based probes and nucleic acid drugs.

Chemistry – An Asian Journal published new progress about Nucleic acid hybridization (SNA-RNA). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Quality Control of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Ying’s team published research in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022-10-15 | 452-06-2

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about 452-06-2. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Li, Ying; Liu, Kai; Wang, Boxu; Liu, Zheng; Yang, Chuanyu; Wang, Junyang; Ma, Xinyue; Li, Hongxia; Sun, Chunyan published the artcile< Engineering DNAzyme strategies for fluorescent detection of lead ions based on RNA cleavage-propelled signal amplification>, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is 2-Aminopurine; Fluorescent Biosensor; GR5 DNAzyme; Lead ion; Ti(3)C(2)T(X) MXenes.

Based on the high recognition ability and flexible programmability of GR5 DNAzyme, two fluorescent biosensors were engineered for amplified detection of Pb2+ via incorporating Ti3C2TX MXenes and embedding 2-aminopurine (2-AP), resp. The quencher-required approach relied on the DNA affinity and fluorescence quenching ability of Ti3C2TX MXenes. Benefiting from the low background signal modulated by Ti3C2TX MXenes, the sensitive determination of Pb2+ was achieved in the linear range of 0.2-10 ng mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng mL-1. The quencher-free approach combined the fluorescent trait of 2-AP embedded in DNA structure, and the RNA cleavage-propelled digestion process of Exonuclease I (Exo I) for signal amplification, indicating the sensitive detection of Pb2+ with the LOD as low as 0.02 ng mL-1 in the linear range of 0.1-10 ng mL-1. Both DNAzyme assays exhibited simple procedures, favorable specificity, rapid anal., and satisfactory application in standard reference materials (lead in drinking water) and spiked water samples. The two fluorescent biosensors established in this work would not only provide theoretic fundament for DNA adsorption of Ti3C2TX MXenes and the design of 2-AP-embedded DNAzyme assays, but also hold a great potential for on-site monitoring of lead pollution in water samples.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about 452-06-2. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Mashiach, Daniel’s team published research in Mutation Research, Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis in 2021-07-31 | 452-06-2

Mutation Research, Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis published new progress about Chromosome. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Computed Properties of 452-06-2.

Mashiach, Daniel; Bacasen, Erin Mae; Singh, Sunjum; Kao, Timothy; Yaramada, Lekha; Mishail, Daniel; Singh, Summer; Miller, Jeffrey H. published the artcile< Enhanced characterization of the thyA system for mutational analysis in Escherichia coli: Defining mutationally ""hot"" regions of the gene>, Computed Properties of 452-06-2, the main research area is Escherichia thyA system mutation; Catalog; Cisplatin; Hotspots; Mutation; thyA system.

We have extensively characterized base substitution mutations in the 795 base pair (bp) long E. coli thyA gene to define as many of the base substitution mutational sites that inactivate the gene as possible. The resulting catalog of mutational sites constitutes a system with up to 5 times as many sites for monitoring each of the six base substitution mutations as the widely used rpoB/Rifr system. We have defined 75 sites for the G:C -> A:T transition, 68 sites for the G:C -> T:A transversion, 53 sites for the G:C -> C:G transversion, 49 sites for the A:T -> G:C transition, 39 sites for the A:T -> T:A transversion, and 59 sites for the A:T -> C:G transversion. This allows for the examination of mutational spectra using a more detailed probe of known mutations, while still allowing one to compare the number of repeated occurrences at specific sites. We have examined several mutagens and mutators with this system, and show its utility by looking at the spectrum of cisplatin, that has a single hotspot, underscoring the value of having as large an array of sites as possible at which one can monitor repeat occurrences. The resulting graphs suggest that there are “”hot”” regions at intervals, and this may reflect aspects of secondary structures, of the higher order structure of the chromosome, or perhaps the nucleoid structure of the chromosome plus histone-like protein complexes.

Mutation Research, Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis published new progress about Chromosome. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Computed Properties of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Eslamloo, Khalil’s team published research in Frontiers in Immunology in 2019 | 452-06-2

Frontiers in Immunology published new progress about Activating transcription factors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Eslamloo, Khalil; Ghorbani, Atefeh; Xue, Xi; Inkpen, Sabrina M.; Larijani, Mani; Rise, Matthew L. published the artcile< Characterization and transcript expression analyses of atlantic cod viperin.>, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2, the main research area is Gadus viperin transcript expression immune response; Gadus morhua; dsRNA; inhibition of antiviral responses; qPCR; rsad2; teleost ISGs.

Viperin is a key antiviral effector in immune responses of vertebrates including the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Using cloning, sequencing and gene expression analyses, we characterized the Atlantic cod viperin at the nucleotide and hypothetical amino acid levels, regulating factors were investigated. Using computational modeling, we show that the Atlantic cod Viperin forms similar overall protein architecture compared to mammalian Viperins. qPCR revealed that viperin is a weakly expressed transcript during embryonic development of Atlantic cod. In adults, the highest constitutive expression of viperin transcript was found in blood compared with 18 other tissues. Using isolated macrophages and synthetic dsRNA stimulation, we tested various immune inhibitors to determine the possible regulating pathways of Atlantic cod viperin. Atlantic cod viperin showed a comparable pIC induction to other well-known antiviral genes (e.g., interferon gamma and interferon-stimulated gene 15-1) in response to various immune inhibitors. The pIC induction of Atlantic cod viperin was significantly inhibited with 2-Aminopurine, Chloroquine, SB202190, and Ruxolitinib. Therefore, endosomal-TLR-mediated pIC recognition and signal transducers downstream of the TLR-dependent pathway may activate the gene expression response of Atlantic cod viperin. Also, these results suggest that antiviral responses of Atlantic cod viperin may be transcriptionally regulated through the interferon-activated pathway.

Frontiers in Immunology published new progress about Activating transcription factors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Yuqing’s team published research in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020-10-28 | 452-06-2

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about DNA aptamers Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Li, Yuqing; Liu, Juewen published the artcile< Highly Specific Recognition of Guanosine Using Engineered Base-Excised Aptamers>, Related Products of 452-06-2, the main research area is guanosine base excised aptamers sodium secondary structure; DNA structures; aptamers; biosensors; fluorescence; nucleobases.

Purines and their derivatives are highly important mols. in biol. for nucleic acid synthesis, energy storage, and signaling. Although many DNA aptamers have been obtained for binding adenine derivatives such as adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, and ATP, success for the specific binding of guanosine has been limited. Instead of performing new aptamer selections, we report herein a base-excision strategy to engineer existing aptamers to bind guanosine. Both a Na+-binding aptamer and the classical adenosine aptamer have been manipulated as base-excising scaffolds. A total of seven guanosine aptamers were designed, of which the G16-deleted Na+ aptamer showed the highest bindng specificity and affinity for guanosine with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.78 mM. Single monophosphate difference in the target mol. was also recognizable. The generality of both the aptamer scaffold and excised site were systematically studied. Overall, this work provides a few guanosine binding aptamers by using a non-SELEX method. It also provides deeper insights into the engineering of aptamers for mol. recognition.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about DNA aptamers Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Miao, Zhuang’s team published research in Neuropharmacology in 2022-01-01 | 452-06-2

Neuropharmacology published new progress about Adrenoceptor agonists. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Miao, Zhuang; Li, Yuanyuan; Mao, Fengbiao; Zhang, Jianghong; Sun, Zhong Sheng; Wang, Yan published the artcile< Prenatal witness stress induces intergenerational anxiety-like behaviors and altered gene expression profiles in male mice>, Related Products of 452-06-2, the main research area is prenatal witness stress intergenerational anxiety gene expression profile; Anxiety; Prenatal stress; Psychological stress; Sex difference; Stress resilience.

Prenatal cues imposed on an organism can exert long-term and even cross-generational influences on the physiol. and behaviors. To date, numerous rodent models have been developed to mimic the effects of prenatal phys. stress on offspring. Whether psychol. stress during gestation exerts adverse influences on offspring remains investigated. Here, we report that prenatal witnessing the defeat process of the mated partner induces anxiety-like behaviors in F1 male, but not female offspring. These abnormal behaviors were not present in the F2 generation, indicating a sex-specific intergenerational effects. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling identified 71 up-regulated and 120 down-regulated genes shared in F0 maternal and F1 male hippocampus. F0 and F1 hippocampi also shared witness stress-sensitive and -resistant genes. Whole transcriptome comparison reveals that F1 dentate gyrus showed differential expression profiles from hippocampus. Few differentially expressed genes were identified in the dentate gyrus of F1 stress female mice, explaining why females were resistant to the stress. Finally, candidate drugs as the potential treatment for psychol. stress were predicted according to transcriptional signatures, including the histone deacetylase inhibitor and dopamine receptor agonist. Our work provides a new model for better understanding the mol. basis of prenatal psychol. stress, highlighting the complexity of stress and sex factors on emotion and behaviors.

Neuropharmacology published new progress about Adrenoceptor agonists. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ghosh, Tonmoy’s team published research in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2021-08-31 | 452-06-2

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Ghosh, Tonmoy; Mondal, Aniruddha; Vamsi Bharadwaj, S. V.; Mishra, Sandhya published the artcile< A naturally fluorescent protein C-phycoerythrin and graphene oxide bio-composite as a selective fluorescence ""turn off/on"" probe for DNA quantification and characterization>, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is C phycoerythrin graphene oxide DNA quantification fluorescence characterization; C-phycoerythrin; DNA sensing; Fluorescence quenching; Graphene oxide; Protein – graphene oxide interaction.

Highly specific graphene-DNA interactions have been at the forefront of graphene-based sensor design for various analytes, including DNA itself. However, in addition to its detection, DNA also needs to be characterized according to its size and concentration in a sample, which is an addnl. anal. step. Designing a highly sensitive and selective DNA sensing and characterization platform is, thus, of great interest. The present study demonstrates that a bio-derived, naturally fluorescent protein C-phycoerythrin (CPE) – graphene oxide (GO) bio-composite can be used to detect dsDNA in nanomolar quantities efficiently via fluorescent “”turn off/on”” mechanism. Interaction with GO temporarily quenches CPE fluorescence in a dose-dependent manner. Anal. characterization indicates an indirect charge transfer with a corresponding loss of crystalline GO structure. The fluorescence is regained with the addition of DNA, while other biomols. do not pose any hinderance in the detection process. The extent of regain is DNA length dependent, and the corresponding calibration curve successfully quantifies the size of an unknown DNA. The incubation time for detection is ∼3-5 min. The bio-composite platform also works successfully in a complex biomol. matrix and cell lysate. However, the presence of serum albumin poses a hinderance in the serum sample. Particle size anal. proves that CPE displacement from GO surface by the incoming DNA is the reason for the “”turn on”” response, and that the sensing process is exclusive to dsDNA. This new platform could be an exciting and rapid DNA sensing and characterization tool.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

He, Yanhua’s team published research in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy in 2020-03-05 | 452-06-2

Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy published new progress about Aptasensors. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

He, Yanhua; Yu, Youwei; Wen, Xiaoye; Shi, Yan; Wu, Jianhu; Guan, Zhengping; Cui, Meilin; Xiao, Chunling published the artcile< A quencher-free 2-aminopurine modified hairpin aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of Ochratoxin A>, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is aminopurine hairpin aptasensor Ochratoxin A fluorescence quenching; 2-Aminopurine; Aptasensor; Exonuclease I; Ochratoxin A; Quencher-free.

A sensitive, efficient and quencher-free fluorescence aptasensor to detect Ochratoxin A (OTA) based on aptamer, 2-aminopurine (2AP) labeled Oligonucleotide sequence, as well as exonuclease I (Exo I) activity was developed. In which the aptamer specific to OTA was modified into a hairpin structure, and 8 bases at the 3′ ends are exposed (H); also, 2AP is embedded in the oligonucleotide complementary to the 8 bases (2AP-probe). The detection principle based on 2AP-probe could be bonded to its complementary sequence and quenches the fluorescence of 2AP; The aptamer has a stronger affinity for the target than its complementary sequence; Exo I can dissociate single-stranded DNA and has little effect on double-stranded DNA as well as folded DNA. In the absence of OTA, the fluorescence of 2AP is quenched due to the complementary pairing of H and 2AP-probe; in the presence of OTA, H selective binding target is detached from 2AP-probe, and the fluorescence of 2AP is slightly restored. Moreover, when the Exo I is added to the detection system, 2AP-probe is dissociated by the Exo I to release the free 2AP, and the fluorescence of the system is further enhanced thereby realizing the detection of OTA. The detection limit of the aptasensor was low as 0.03 nM with a linear range of 0.5-100 nM. Moreover, the aptasensor has good selectivity and practicability and also has good potential in realizing the detection of toxic and harmful substances in food complex matrixes.

Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy published new progress about Aptasensors. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem