Category: 452-06-2

Kladova, O. A.; Kuznetsova, A. A.; Barthes, Nicolas P. F.; Michel, Benoit Y.; Burger, Alain; Fedorova, O. S.; Kuznetsov, N. A. published the artcile< New Fluorescent Analogs of Nucleotides Based on 3-Hydroxychromone for Recording Conformational Changes of DNA>, Formula: C5H5N5, the main research area is hydroxychromone fluorescence quenching DNA conformational change.

It has recently been found that derivatives of nucleotides containing a 3-hydroxychromone fluorescent dye can be used as sensitive markers of conformational changes of DNA. In this work, a comparative anal. of two fluorescent nucleotide derivatives-3-hydroxychromone a (3HC) and 3HC-modified uridine (FCU)-was performed during the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions for several human DNA repair enzymes, removing damaged nucleotides: DNA glycosylases AAG, OGG1, UNG2, and MBD4 and AP endonuclease APE1. The changes of fluorescence intensity significantly depended on the nature of neighbor nucleotides and may be opposite in direction for different cases. The FCU residue located in the complementary strand opposite to damaged nucleotide or in the same strand moved by few nucleotides, is very sensitive to processes induced by DNA glycosylases in the course of formation of enzyme-substrate complexes, which include local melting and bending of the DNA chain, as well as eversion of the damaged nucleotide from DNA double helix and insertion of amino acids of the active site into the void.

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Formula: C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sasaki, Shogo; Ma, Yue; Ishizuka, Takumi; Bao, Hong-Liang; Hirokawa, Takatsugu; Xu, Yan; Tera, Masayuki; Nagasawa, Kazuo published the artcile< Linear consecutive hexaoxazoles as G4 ligands inducing chair-type anti-parallel topology of a telomeric G-quadruplex>, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is telomeric G quadruplex linear consecutive hexaoxazole anti parallel topol.

G-quadruplex structures (G4s) in guanine-rich regions of DNA play critical roles in various biol. phenomena, including replication, translation, and gene expression. There are three types of G4 topol., i.e., parallel, anti-parallel, and hybrid, and ligands that selectively interact with or stabilize a specific topol. have been extensively explored to enable studies of topol.-related functions. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new series of G4 ligands based on 6LCOs (6-linear consecutive oxazoles), i.e., L2H2-2M2EA-6LCO (2), L2A2-2M2EAc-6LCO (3), and L2G2-2M2EG-6LCO (4), which bear four aminoalkyl, acetamidealkyl, and guanidinylalkyl side chains, resp. Among them, ligand 2 stabilized telomeric G4 and induced anti-parallel topol. independently of the presence of cations. The anti-parallel topol. induced by 2 was identified as chair-type by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence experiments with 2-aminopurine-labeled DNA.

RSC Advances published new progress about DNA replication. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Xianming; Wang, Yanying; Tang, Honghu; Yang, Bing; Zhao, Yi; Wu, Peng published the artcile< Evaluation of the sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 for optimal biosensing design>, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2, the main research area is biosensor APE1 uracil DNA glycosylase fluorescence; APE1; Biosensor sensign; Key bases; Sequence-dependent realtive activity.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) can selectively incise the AP site of DNA, thus is universal for various DNA substrates for flexible endonuclease-assisted signal amplification. However, the substrate preference of APE1 has never been systematically investigated. Therefore in this work, the detailed sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 was determined It turned out that the APE1 activity did vary with the change of the adjacent and opposite bases, and over 10-fold relative activity difference was observed for different sequence combinations. Such difference is appreciable enough to induce evident impact on APE1-involved biosensing. With an APE1 probe designed for cycled signal amplification, the sensitivities followed exactly with the above activity order. Compared with Nb.BbvCl, the sensitivity of the APE1 probe varied between higher and lower than the Nb. BbvCl probe (with varied substrates), demonstrating the importance of the sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 for optimal biosensor development. Moreover, the above APE1 probe design was harvested and engineered for sensitive biosensing of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG). Through theor. anal. of the interaction between APE1 and the substrates, the accuracy of the determined sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 was partially confirmed.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics published new progress about Biosensors. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Lu, Chang; Jimmy Huang, Po-Jung; Zheng, Jingkai; Liu, Juewen published the artcile< A 2-Aminopurine Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Probing a Glucose Binding Aptamer>, Product Details of C5H5N5, the main research area is aminopurine fluorescence spectroscopy glucose aptamer; aptamers; biosensors; diabetes; fluorescence; glucose.

Glucose is the most important analyte for biosensors. Recently a DNA aptamer was reported allowing binding-based detection. However, due to a relatively weak binding affinity, it is difficult to perform binding assays to understand the property of this aptamer. In this work, we replaced the only adenine base in the aptamer binding pocket with a 2-aminopurine (2AP) and used fluorescence spectroscopy to study glucose binding. In the selection buffer, glucose increased the 2AP fluorescence with a Kd of 15.0 mM glucose, which was comparable with the 10 mM Kd previously reported using the strand displacement assay. The binding required two Na+ ions or one Mg2+ that cannot be replaced by Li+ or K+. The binding was weaker at higher temperature and its vant Hoff plot indicated enthalpy-driven binding. While other monosaccharides failed to achieve saturated binding even at high concentrations, two glucose-containing disaccharides, namely trehalose and sucrose, reached a similar fluorescence level as glucose although with over 10-fold higher Kd values. Detection limits in both the selection buffer (0.9 mM) and in artificial interstitial fluids (6.0 mM) were measured.

ChemBioChem published new progress about Aptamers. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Product Details of C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Elsheikh, A. A.; Braun, L. J.; Mansour, S. M. G.; Orabi, A.; Alqahtani, A. S.; Benfield, D. A.; Chase, C. C. L. published the artcile< The effect of human interferon alpha on replication of different bovine viral diarrhea virus strains>, Formula: C5H5N5, the main research area is interferon alpha bovine viral diarrhea virus replication.

In the present study, we evaluated the comparative effect of exogenous human IFN-α (HuIFN-α) on different BVDV biotypes and genotypes. The results showed that exogenous HuIFN-α greatly inhibited the growth of different BVDV biotypes and genotypes. However, HuINF-α has a significant inhibitory effect on cp biotype compared to ncp one without significant variation between different genotypes. The effect of HuIFN-α on BVDV reached the maximum level at early stages of infection (0-20 h post infection) and increased in a dose-dependent manner (10-500 U/mL). Quant. realtime RT-PCR was used to evaluate the effect of exogenous HuIFN-α on RNA synthesis of both BVDV biotypes. HuIFN-α reduced RNA production of cp by 4 logs compared to only 2 logs for ncp strains. Addnl., the antiviral effect of IFN-α against both BVDV biotypes seems to be independent of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) activation as assayed by direct anal. of in vivo phosphorylation of eIF2-α and by 2-aminopurine (2-AP) treatment. Collectively, these results indicated that the exogenous HuIFN-α treatment has an inhibitory effect not only on cp BVDV biotype but also on the ncp BVDV. The antiviral effect of exogenous HuIFN-α was biotype, time, dose but not genotype dependent. PKR has no role in the inhibitory effect suggesting that other IFN-antiviral pathways were involved.

Acta Virologica (English Edition) published new progress about Bovine diarrhea virus. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Formula: C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Klein, Hannah L.; Ang, Kenny K. H.; Arkin, Michelle R.; Beckwitt, Emily C.; Chang, Yi-Hsuan; Fan, Jun; Kwon, Youngho; Morten, Michael J.; Mukherjee, Sucheta; Pambos, Oliver J.; el Sayyed, Hafez; Thrall, Elizabeth S.; Vieira-da-Rocha, Joao P.; Wang, Quan; Wang, Shuang; Yeh, Hsin-Yi; Biteen, Julie S.; Chi, Peter; Heyer, Wolf-Dietrich; Kapanidis, Achillefs N.; Loparo, Joseph J.; Strick, Terence R.; Sung, Patrick; Van Houten, Bennett; Niu, Hengyao; Rothenberg, Eli published the artcile< Guidelines for DNA recombination and repair studies: mechanistic assays of DNA repair processes>, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the main research area is aminopurine DNA recombination repair mutagenesis review; DNA breaks; DNA helicases; DNA repair centers; DNA repair synthesis; DNA resection; DSBs; FRET; PALM; chromatin dynamics; chromosome rearrangements; crossovers; double strand break repair; endonuclease protection assay; fluorescent proteins; genome instability; gross chromosome rearrangements; homologous recombination; mismatch repair; nonhomologous end joining; nucleotide excision repair; photoactivated fluorescent proteins; recombinase filament assembly; single-molecule; single-particle tracking; structure-selective endonucleases; super resolution; synthesis-dependent strand annealing; transcription coupled repair.

A review. Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes are studies using reporters for specific types of changes, or through cytol. studies that detect changes at the single-cell level. Single mol. assays, which are reviewed here, can detect transient intermediates and dynamics of events. Biochem. assays allow detailed investigation of the DNA and protein activities of each step in a repair, recombination or mutagenesis event. Each type of assay is a powerful tool but each comes with its particular advantages and limitations. Here the most commonly used assays are reviewed, discussed, and presented as the guidelines for future studies.

Microbial Cell published new progress about DNA repair. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Kladova, O. A.; Kuznetsova, A. A.; Barthes, Nicolas P. F.; Michel, Benoit Y.; Burger, Alain; Fedorova, O. S.; Kuznetsov, N. A. published the artcile< New Fluorescent Analogs of Nucleotides Based on 3-Hydroxychromone for Recording Conformational Changes of DNA>, Formula: C5H5N5, the main research area is hydroxychromone fluorescence quenching DNA conformational change.

It has recently been found that derivatives of nucleotides containing a 3-hydroxychromone fluorescent dye can be used as sensitive markers of conformational changes of DNA. In this work, a comparative anal. of two fluorescent nucleotide derivatives-3-hydroxychromone a (3HC) and 3HC-modified uridine (FCU)-was performed during the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions for several human DNA repair enzymes, removing damaged nucleotides: DNA glycosylases AAG, OGG1, UNG2, and MBD4 and AP endonuclease APE1. The changes of fluorescence intensity significantly depended on the nature of neighbor nucleotides and may be opposite in direction for different cases. The FCU residue located in the complementary strand opposite to damaged nucleotide or in the same strand moved by few nucleotides, is very sensitive to processes induced by DNA glycosylases in the course of formation of enzyme-substrate complexes, which include local melting and bending of the DNA chain, as well as eversion of the damaged nucleotide from DNA double helix and insertion of amino acids of the active site into the void.

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Formula: C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sasaki, Shogo; Ma, Yue; Ishizuka, Takumi; Bao, Hong-Liang; Hirokawa, Takatsugu; Xu, Yan; Tera, Masayuki; Nagasawa, Kazuo published the artcile< Linear consecutive hexaoxazoles as G4 ligands inducing chair-type anti-parallel topology of a telomeric G-quadruplex>, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is telomeric G quadruplex linear consecutive hexaoxazole anti parallel topol.

G-quadruplex structures (G4s) in guanine-rich regions of DNA play critical roles in various biol. phenomena, including replication, translation, and gene expression. There are three types of G4 topol., i.e., parallel, anti-parallel, and hybrid, and ligands that selectively interact with or stabilize a specific topol. have been extensively explored to enable studies of topol.-related functions. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new series of G4 ligands based on 6LCOs (6-linear consecutive oxazoles), i.e., L2H2-2M2EA-6LCO (2), L2A2-2M2EAc-6LCO (3), and L2G2-2M2EG-6LCO (4), which bear four aminoalkyl, acetamidealkyl, and guanidinylalkyl side chains, resp. Among them, ligand 2 stabilized telomeric G4 and induced anti-parallel topol. independently of the presence of cations. The anti-parallel topol. induced by 2 was identified as chair-type by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence experiments with 2-aminopurine-labeled DNA.

RSC Advances published new progress about DNA replication. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Xianming; Wang, Yanying; Tang, Honghu; Yang, Bing; Zhao, Yi; Wu, Peng published the artcile< Evaluation of the sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 for optimal biosensing design>, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2, the main research area is biosensor APE1 uracil DNA glycosylase fluorescence; APE1; Biosensor sensign; Key bases; Sequence-dependent realtive activity.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) can selectively incise the AP site of DNA, thus is universal for various DNA substrates for flexible endonuclease-assisted signal amplification. However, the substrate preference of APE1 has never been systematically investigated. Therefore in this work, the detailed sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 was determined It turned out that the APE1 activity did vary with the change of the adjacent and opposite bases, and over 10-fold relative activity difference was observed for different sequence combinations. Such difference is appreciable enough to induce evident impact on APE1-involved biosensing. With an APE1 probe designed for cycled signal amplification, the sensitivities followed exactly with the above activity order. Compared with Nb.BbvCl, the sensitivity of the APE1 probe varied between higher and lower than the Nb. BbvCl probe (with varied substrates), demonstrating the importance of the sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 for optimal biosensor development. Moreover, the above APE1 probe design was harvested and engineered for sensitive biosensing of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG). Through theor. anal. of the interaction between APE1 and the substrates, the accuracy of the determined sequence-dependent relative activity of APE1 was partially confirmed.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics published new progress about Biosensors. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Lu, Chang; Jimmy Huang, Po-Jung; Zheng, Jingkai; Liu, Juewen published the artcile< A 2-Aminopurine Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Probing a Glucose Binding Aptamer>, Product Details of C5H5N5, the main research area is aminopurine fluorescence spectroscopy glucose aptamer; aptamers; biosensors; diabetes; fluorescence; glucose.

Glucose is the most important analyte for biosensors. Recently a DNA aptamer was reported allowing binding-based detection. However, due to a relatively weak binding affinity, it is difficult to perform binding assays to understand the property of this aptamer. In this work, we replaced the only adenine base in the aptamer binding pocket with a 2-aminopurine (2AP) and used fluorescence spectroscopy to study glucose binding. In the selection buffer, glucose increased the 2AP fluorescence with a Kd of 15.0 mM glucose, which was comparable with the 10 mM Kd previously reported using the strand displacement assay. The binding required two Na+ ions or one Mg2+ that cannot be replaced by Li+ or K+. The binding was weaker at higher temperature and its vant Hoff plot indicated enthalpy-driven binding. While other monosaccharides failed to achieve saturated binding even at high concentrations, two glucose-containing disaccharides, namely trehalose and sucrose, reached a similar fluorescence level as glucose although with over 10-fold higher Kd values. Detection limits in both the selection buffer (0.9 mM) and in artificial interstitial fluids (6.0 mM) were measured.

ChemBioChem published new progress about Aptamers. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Product Details of C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem