Category: 16961-25-4

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate( cas:16961-25-4 ) is researched.Reference of Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate.Arib, Celia; Spadavecchia, Jolanda published the article 《Lenalidomide (LENA) Hybrid Gold Complex Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Physicochemical Evaluation, and Perspectives in Nanomedicine》 about this compound( cas:16961-25-4 ) in ACS Omega. Keywords: lenalidomide gold complex nanoparticle antiangiogenic anticancer doxorubicin; lenalidomide gold complex targeted nanoparticle anticancer doxorubicin synergy. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:16961-25-4).

This paper proposes a fast methodol. to synthesize hybrid lenalidomide gold nanoparticles. Gold (HAuCl4) is chelated with an antiangiogenic compound (lenalidomide (LENA)) and diacid poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as capping agent and reagent. The suggested synthesis is rapid and results in gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with enhanced drug solubility The binding between LENA, PEG, and Au(III) ions forms hybrid nanovectors named LENA IN PEG-AuNPs, which were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (Raman and UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and compared with LENA ON PEG-AuNPs, in which the drug was grafted onto gold surface by carbodiimide chem. (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide, EDC/NHS). The effective drug delivery under pH conditions was also reached, combined with doxorubicin (DOX) to improve the synergic chemotherapy and stability under exptl. conditions. For biomedical purposes, hybrid gold nanocarriers were conjugated with folic acid (FA), which is specifically overexpressed in cancer cells. This paper will be very important in the domain of therapeutic gold complex, paving the way for reaching progress of novel drug carrier synthesis in nanomedicine.

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Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 16961-25-4, is researched, Molecular AuCl4H7O3, about Selective thermotherapy of tumor by self-regulating photothermal conversion system, the main research direction is gold nanoparticle self assembly thermotherapy photothermal conversion system cancer.Recommanded Product: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate.

One major challenge of photothermal therapy (PTT) is achieving thermal ablation of the tumor without damaging the normal cells and tissues. Here, we designed a self-regulating photothermal conversion system for selective thermotherapy based on self-assembling gold nanoparticles (S-AuNPs) and investigated the selectivity effect using a novel home-made in vitro selective photothermal transformation model and an in vivo skin damaging assessment model. In the in vitro selective photothermal transformation model, laser irradiation selectively increased the temperature of the internal microenvironment (pH 5.5) and resulted in an obvious temperature difference (ΔT ≥ 5 °C) with that of the external environment (pH 7.4). More importantly, in the in vivo skin damaging assessment model, S-AuNPs achieved good tumor inhibition without damaging the normal skin tissue compared with the conventional photothermal material. This work provides not only a novel validation protocol for tumor thermotherapy to achieve the biosafety of specifically killing tumor cells and normal tissue but also an evaluation methodol. for other precise therapy for cancers.

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Imidazole – Wikipedia,
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Product Details of 16961-25-4. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate, is researched, Molecular AuCl4H7O3, CAS is 16961-25-4, about Optimizing a Novel Au-Grafted Lipid Nanoparticle Through Chelation Chemistry for High Photothermal Biologic Activity.

Gold nanoparticles through nucleation of Au clusters have been extensively studied. However, due to low potency, prolonged tissue retention, and irreversible accumulation, the safety considerations have limited their therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Novel gold nanostructures with retained phys. properties and higher biodegradability could be prepared by alternative approaches. Previously, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform carrying gadolinium (Gd3+) has been reported to eliminate through the biliary without accumulation in the liver or kidney within 24 h. Inspired by this discovery, we investigated a new approach of forming gold nanoparticles using preformed LNPs grafting diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid as a chelating agent. Tiny Au nanoparticles are formed by simply mixing Au3+ with preformed diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-LNP. The Au3+ associates stably to these LNPs after a systematic optimization. The Au-grafted LNPs are scalable and showed excellent photothermal effects when subjected to near-IR light irradiation They exhibit enhanced light-induced tumor cell killing at higher efficiency, compared with that of classical gold nanoparticles (citrated reduced). Given an addnl. small dose (2 Gy) of gamma irradiation, Au-grafted LNP could produce synergistic photothermal and radiotherapeutic effects under reduced light dose. The simple and adaptive nanoparticle design may enhance the margin of safety of gold nanoparticles in the treatment of cancers and other diseases.

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Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 16961-25-4, is researched, Molecular AuCl4H7O3, about Evaluating the total gold concentration in metallic nanoparticles with a high content of organic matter through microwave-assisted decomposition platform and plasma-based spectrometric techniques (ICP-MS and ICP OES), the main research direction is gold determination metallic nanoparticle microwave assisted decomposition ICPMS ICPOES; Elemental analysis; Gold concentration; Metallic nanoparticles; Microwave-assisted decomposition; Sample preparation.Recommanded Product: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate.

We report a complete set of strategies for characterization and an accurate determination of gold in metallic nanoparticles. For this, gold nanorods (AuNR) were synthesized by using the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the stabilizer and shape-directing agent. The surfactant CTAB forms a bilayer structure around the nanoparticles and became a challenge for the development of the microwave-assisted decomposition of the AuNR colloid. The bilayer structure of CTAB prevents the Au3+ release for the acidic media during the decomposition procedure. To overcome this limitation, a combination of low sample volume consumption (only 200μL), an acidic mixture of reverse aqua regia (1:3 volume/volume, HCl:HNO3), and sulfuric acid, and a microwave program was used. The gold quantification by ICP-MS and checked through the ICP OES, demonstrated that the seed-mediated growth method used for the AuNR synthesis has a high yield, presenting ca. 100% of gold content (ca. 100 mg L-1 of gold concentration) in the post-synthesis colloid (AuNR-total) as well as in the colloid after a washing step (AuNR-res). The microwave-assisted decomposition procedure also demonstrated to be efficient in the acidic decomposition of the gold-silver core-shell nanoparticle (Au@AgNR), which presents a high content of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Mw ∼55000 g mol-1) acting as a stabilizer, in addition to the matrix with CTAB. The results demonstrated an accurate recovery of ca. 100% of gold content for the Au@AgNR regarding the gold nanorod before the growth of the silver shell (AuNR_Core). The proposed microwave-assisted decomposition platform demonstrated to be an efficient, reliable, and robust characterization tool for the gold quantification in metallic nanoparticles, presenting no interference of the complex matrix with high organic content.

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Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate, is researched, Molecular AuCl4H7O3, CAS is 16961-25-4, about Simple and rapid method for synthesis of porous gold nanoparticles and its application in improving DNA loading capacity, the main research direction is porosity gold nanoparticle DNA loading capacity; DNA loading; Porous gold nanoparticles; Tween GNPs synthesis.Application of 16961-25-4.

Porous gold nanoparticles (GNPs) attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable properties. The porous GNPs due to the high surface area-to-volume ratio have potential applications in areas such as drug delivery, biosensors, and fuel cells. The most frequently used method for synthesis of porous GNPs is the de-alloying approach. Despite the benefits of this approach, the nanoparticles synthesized by this method were not very stable. Nevertheless, we report herein a novel, facile and simple method for synthesis of stable porous GNPs based on Tween 20-capped GNPs (Tween GNPs) and nitric acid. On the other hand, when DNA is loaded to GNPs surface, the resulted conjugates have the potential to be used in different fields such as biomedicine, materials science and especially in nano-biotechnol. Generally, the DNA loading on GNPs is performed using a salt-aging method and its incubating time takes about 24 h. Here, GNPs was replaced by porous GNPs and the incubation time for loading was reduced to 2 h without the needs for tedious salt addition process.

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Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Glucose oxidase immobilized amine terminated multiwall carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode for highly sensitive amperometric glucose detection, published in 2019-12-31, which mentions a compound: 16961-25-4, Name is Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate, Molecular AuCl4H7O3, Application of 16961-25-4.

A novel amine terminated multiwall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was fabricated. Followed by, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on SPCE for highly sensitive glucose biosensor. The synthesized nanomaterial and their composites were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Visiblespectroscopy. The electrochem. anal. has been followed at different stages of glucose oxidase coating on modified SPCE using cyclic voltammetry. The reduction current has enhanced 13.43 times with the lowest working potential by the modified SPCE when compared to bare SPCE. The glucose biosensor exhibited good reproducibility (90.23%, n = 7), high stability (after 30 days 96% at -20°C storage, 2 wk 74.5% at -4°C storage), wide linear range (1-10 mM), less KMapp value (0.734), lowest detection limit (64μM) and good sensitivity (246μ Acm-2 mM-1). The biosensor was validated for the detection of glucose level in human blood serum samples using the amperometric technique. As designed nanocomposite based SPCE has the potential for an efficient glucose sensor, which also enabled the platform for various biochem. sensors.

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Imidazole – Wikipedia,
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So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Liu, Zhengwei; Wang, Faming; Ren, Jinsong; Qu, Xiaogang researched the compound: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate( cas:16961-25-4 ).Recommanded Product: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate.They published the article 《A series of MOF/Ce-based nanozymes with dual enzyme-like activity disrupting biofilms and hindering recolonization of bacteria》 about this compound( cas:16961-25-4 ) in Biomaterials. Keywords: MOF cerium nanozyme biofilm disrupting antibacterial; Antibacteria; Artificial enzyme; Biofilms; Metal organic framework; Nanozyme. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:16961-25-4).

Notorious bacterial biofilms are becoming severe threats to public health worldwide. As the important component in biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been manifested to connect different EPS components and bacteria together, leading biofilms hard to eliminate. Herein a series of MOF/Ce-based nanozymes with DNase (DNase) and peroxidase mimetic activities have been designed and synthesized for combating biofilms. The cerium (IV) complexes (DNase mimics) are capable of hydrolyzing eDNA and disrupting established biofilms, while the MOF with peroxidase-like activity can kill bacteria exposed in dispersed biofilms in the presence of H2O2. This can avoid the recolonization of bacteria and recurrence of biofilms. Given the fact that single-modal antibacterial agent is difficult to drastically eradicate biofilms, the marriage of two kinds of nanozymes is a rational strategy to acquire enhanced performance in combating biofilms. Besides, the utilization of nanozymes circumvents drawbacks of natural enzymes which are costly and vulnerable. Further studies have demonstrated that this kind of artificial enzyme with dual enzyme-mimetic activities can penetrate the biofilms, and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation intensively. Consistently, in vivo anti-biofilm application in treating s.c. abscess exhibits commendable wound healing and admirable bactericidal effect. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to devise an integrated nanozyme based on the peroxidase-like activity of MOF to eliminate biofilms and kill bacteria on site. This work may promote the application of MOF in the antibacterial field.

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Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 16961-25-4, is researched, SMILESS is Cl[Au-](Cl)(Cl)Cl.[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H+], Molecular AuCl4H7O3Journal, Article, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology called One step preparation of stable gold nanoparticle using red cabbage extracts under UV light and its catalytic activity, Author is Unal, Ilay Sema; Demirbas, Ayse; Onal, Irem; Ildiz, Nilay; Ocsoy, Ismail, the main research direction is gold nanoparticle red cabbage extract irradiation catalytic activity; Anthocyanin; Au nanoparticle; Photo-reduction; Salt tolerance and catalytic activity.Application In Synthesis of Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate.

Herein, we have reported the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of highly stable gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using red cabbage extract (RCE) under UV irradiation The anthocyanin groups predominantly existing in RCE play an essential role for biosynthesis of stable Au NPs. The reasons for using anthocyanins: (1) they act as chelating agents for preferentially reacting with gold ions (Au3+) to form Au3+- anthocyanin complexes, (2) as light-active reductants for reduction of Au3+ to zero valent Au0 under UV irradiation and (3) as stabilizing agent for preventing Au NPs from aggregation in high salt concentration owing to their unique salt tolerance property. We also demonstrate that how reaction time, concentration of RCE, pH value of reaction solutions and using one more reducing agent affected formation of the Au NPs. The stability of RCE Au NPs was comparatively studied with com. (citrate stabilized) Au NPs against 100 mM salt (NaCl) solution The RCE-Au NP showed reduction ability for conversion of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). UV-vis spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ZT) methods were utilized to characterize the Au NPs. We demonstrated that how whole RCE (anthocyanins mols. are major component) can be used as photo-active reducing and stabilizing agents to form Au NPs in a short time under UV irradiation and strong reducing agent without addnl. agents.

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Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Development of genistein-loaded gold nanoparticles and their antitumor potential against prostate cancer cell lines, published in 2021-05-31, which mentions a compound: 16961-25-4, mainly applied to prostate cancer cell line genistein loaded gold nanoparticle antitumor; Flow cytometry; Genistein; Gold nanoparticles; Green nanotechnology; Prostate carcinoma cells; Viability assay, Related Products of 16961-25-4.

Soy isoflavone genistein (Gen) exerts beneficial effects against prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, its use as a chemoprevention/therapeutic agent is largely limited due to its low bioavailability. In this study we synthesized two variants of a new delivery system, genistein-gold nanoparticles conjugates Gen@AuNPs1 and Gen@AuNPs2, by an environmentally friendly method, using a dual role of Gen to reduce Au3+ and stabilize the formed AuNPs, with no addnl. component. The formation of Gen@AuNPs was confirmed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectra measurements. The spherical shape and uniform size of Gen@AuNPs1 and Gen@AuNPs2 (10 ± 2 and 23 ± 3 nm, resp.), were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The nano-conjugates also varied in hydrodynamic diameter (65.0 ± 1.7 and 153.0 ± 2.2 nm) but had similar neg. zeta potential (-35.0 ± 2.5 and -37.0 ± 1.6 mV), as measured by dynamic light scattering. The Gen loading was estimated to be 46 and 48%, for Gen@AuNPs1 and Gen@AuNPs2, resp. The antiproliferative activities of GenAuNPs were confirmed by MTT test in vitro on three malignant prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC3, DU 145, and LNCaP), while selectivity toward malignant phenotype was confirmed using non-cancerous MRC-5 cells. Flow cytometric anal. showed that the inhibition on cell proliferation of more potent Gen@AuNPs1 nano-conjugate is comparable with the effects of free Gen. In conclusion, the obtained results, including physicochem. characterization of newly synthesized AuNPs loaded with Gen, cytotoxicity, and IC50 assessments, indicate their stability and bioactivity as an antioxidant and anti-prostate cancer agent, with low toxicity against human primary cells.

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Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Category: imidazoles-derivatives. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate, is researched, Molecular AuCl4H7O3, CAS is 16961-25-4, about Study of surface effects and catalytic properties of selected Ni-based bimetallic nanoparticles by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Author is Broz, Pavel; Hejdukova, Martina; Vykoukal, Vit; Zelenka, Frantisek; Sopousek, Jiri; Bursik, Jiri; Zobac, Ondrej.

Surface effects and catalytic properties of CuNi, AgNi and AuNi bimetallic nanoparticles having diameter 10-30 nm were studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. The nanoalloys were prepared by solvothermal synthesis using oleylamine. Gradual removing of the organic substances, present on the nanoparticles from the synthesis, accompanied by their oxidation was observed during slow heating. The nanoparticle catalytic activity leading to the oxidation of the organic surface layer to CO2 in final step depends on the selected element in the Ni-based nanoalloy. The CuNi system shows the highest catalytic activity while the AuNi system the smallest one. As demonstrated, the KEMS method can be applied with advantage as a progressive tool for the evaluation of the oxidation catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles. The surface effects and the catalytic properties are discussed in view of our previous studies.

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Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem