Ibanez, Francesc; Montesinos, Jorge; Area-Gomez, Estela; Guerri, Consuelo; Pascual, Maria published the artcile< Ethanol Induces Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by Altering Lipid Metabolism through the Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes and Sphingomyelinases>, Computed Properties of 6823-69-4, the main research area is sphingomyelinase extracellular vesicle secretion lipid metabolism; alcohol; extracellular vesicles; lipid metabolism; microglia; mitochondria-associated ER membranes; neuroinflammation; phospholipids; sphingomyelinases.
Recent evidence pinpoints extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in intercellular communication. Given the importance of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in EV biol., and the relevance of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in cholesterol/sphingomyelin homeostasis, we evaluated if MAMs and sphingomyelinases (SMases) could participate in ethanol-induced EV release. EVs were isolated from the extracellular medium of BV2 microglia treated or not with ethanol (50 and 100 mM). Radioactive metabolic tracers combined with thin layer chromatog. were used as quant. methods to assay phospholipid transfer, SMase activity and cholesterol uptake/esterification. Inhibitors of SMase (desipramine and GW4869) and MAM (cyclosporin A) activities were also utilized. Our data show that ethanol increases the secretion and inflammatory mol. concentration of EVs. Ethanol also upregulates MAM activity and alters lipid metabolism by increasing cholesterol uptake, cholesterol esterification and SMase activity in microglia. Notably, the inhibition of either SMase or MAM activity prevented the ethanol-induced increase in EV secretion. Collectively, these results strongly support a lipid-driven mechanism, specifically via SMases and MAM, to explain the effect of ethanol on EV secretion in glial cells.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Endoplasmic reticulum. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Computed Properties of 6823-69-4.
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem