Frawley, Rachel P.;Germolec, Dori R.;Johnson, Victor J.;Gulledge, Travis;Manheng, Wimolnut;White, Kimber Jr.;Shockley, Keith R.;Harris, Shawn F.;Hooth, Michelle;Ryan, Kristen published 《Evaluation of skin sensitization induced by four ionic liquids》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Applied Toxicology》. They have made some progress in their research.Name: 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride The article mentions the following:
Ionic liquids (ILs) are synthetic solvents used as replacements for volatile organic solvents. Human exposure occurs through dermal or oral routes. In rodents, several ILs were reported to induce dermal toxicity, irritation, and sensitization. Due to the potential for occupational exposure, and industrial use as nonvolatile solvents, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM, 6.25% to 50% volume/volume), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM, 3.12% to 12.5% volume/volume), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (BMPY, 0.825% to 6.25% volume/volume), and N-butylpyridinium chloride (NBuPY, 0.825% to 12.5% volume/volume) were nominated to the National Toxicol. Program and evaluated for skin sensitization. The test compound was applied to the ears of female BALB/c mice daily for 3 days in a primary irritancy (IRR)/local lymph node assay (LLNA). Sensitization was assessed in vitro in the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), KeratinoSens assay, and human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). In the LLNA, the butylated ILs, BMIM, and BMPY were more potent than NBuPY (butylated) or EMIM (ethylated), which was neither an irritant nor a sensitizer. NBuPY induced skin irritation in vivo at ≥3.12% (p ≤ 0.01), and sensitization in vitro in the KeratinoSens assay and h-CLAT, but was neg. for sensitization in vivo and in the DPRA. Although SI3 was not achieved, dermal treatment with 12.5% BMIM or 6.25% BMPY increased (p ≤ 0.01) lymph node cell proliferation in the LLNA. In vitro, BMIM was pos. for sensitization in the h-CLAT, and BMPY was pos. in the h-CLAT and KeratinoSens assay; both were neg. in the DPRA. Integrated data analyses, weighted toward in vivo data, suggested that BMIM and BMPY may induce weak to mild sensitization. And 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 65039-09-0) was used in the research process.
1-Ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 65039-09-0) is an imidazolium chloride ionic liquid that can be used as:a starting material for the preparation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/tetrafluoroborate (EMI.Cl.BF4) molten salt for electrochemical studies; a solvent as well as catalyst for the depolymerization of oak wood lignin.Name: 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride
Reference:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem