Month: January 2023

Formulation and evaluation of candesartan co-precipitate with hydrophilic polymers; preparation of orodispersible tablets was written by Deweda, Asmaa M.;Essa, Ebtessam A.;Donia, Ahmed A.. And the article was included in European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2019.Application of 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin-receptor blocker that suffer from inadequit and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and presystemic metabolism Therefore, the objectives of this study was to enhance candesartan cilexetil dissolution with subsequent preparation of mouth dispersable tablets. The drug was precipitated from its ethanolic solution over Aerosil 200 as carrier for the deposited microcrystals. To improve surface wettability, the precipitation step was performed in presence of hydrophilic polymer. The selected polymers were polyvinylpyrrolidone 40T (PVP), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E5 (HPMC), Poloxamer 407 and polyethylene glycol6000 (PEG). The products were evaluated regarding dissolution pattern. Phys. characterization was also evaluated for selected formulations. Thermal behavior and X-ray powder diffraction results confirmed reduced drug crystalinity. Infra-red spectroscopy indicated drug-excipient compatibilty. All formulations showed imrovement in drug dissolution compared to pure drug. Presence of polymer resulted in higher initial release and dissolution efficiency. Best formulations regarding dissolution were successifly used in the preparation of oral dispersible tablets with fast drug release. Drug precipitation over carrier with large surface area in presence of hydrophilic polymer is a promising approach for enhancing dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Application of 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Application of 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Oxidation of methylbenzimidazoles with ceric ammonium nitrate was written by Talaty, C. N.;Zenker, N.;Callery, P. S.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1976.HPLC of Formula: 58442-17-4 This article mentions the following:

The benzimidazolecarboxaldehydes I (R = R1 = R3 = H, R2 = CHO; R = Me, R1 = R3 = H, R2 = CHO; R = R1 = H, R2 = CHO, R3 = Me; R = R3 = Me, R1 = H, R2 = CHO) were prepared in 25-60% yields by treating I (R = R1 = R3 = H, R2 = Me; R = R2 = Me, R1 = R3 = H; R = R1 = H, R2 = R3 = Me; R = R2 = R3 = Me, R1 = H, resp.) with ceric ammonium nitrate in H2SO4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 58442-17-4HPLC of Formula: 58442-17-4).

1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 58442-17-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.HPLC of Formula: 58442-17-4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Study of memory-enhancing effects of substituted amides of imidazole-4(5)-carboxylic acid in rats was written by Shabanov, P. D.;Piotrovskii, L. B.;Dumpis, M.. And the article was included in Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) in 1988.Reference of 26832-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The effects of four derivatives of imidazole-4(5)-carboxylic acid (I; R = H, Me; R¹ = H, Me, β-phenylisopropyl) on the formation and extinction of a conditioned drinking reflex and preservation of a conditioned response of passive avoidance after electroconvulsive shock or craniocerebral injury were studied in experiments on rats. The N-methylamide of imidazole-4(5)-carboxylic acid exhibited the greatest psychostimulating and antiamnesia activity. Addition of the β-phenylisopropyl radical to the amino group resulted in the appearance of depressant properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Reference of 26832-08-6).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Reference of 26832-08-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Model reactions for enzymic catalysis. IV. Structure-activity relationship of new transaminators with imidazole, thiazole, and benzimidazole skeletons was written by Gerbert, Ulrich;Von Kerekjarto, Bela. And the article was included in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie in 1974.Synthetic Route of C9H8N2O This article mentions the following:

The substituents in position 1 of 2-formylimidazoles (I, R = e.g. H, CH2Ph, Me, or CHMe2) affected the initial velocities but not the equilibrium of transamination of alanine. Similar results were obtained in transamination of alanine-2-oxoglutarate with the trans-aminators I. The reaction mechanism recently postulated by the authors (1969) was confirmed by the finding that some isoelectronic structural analogs of thiazole and benzimidazole were also active transaminators. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4Synthetic Route of C9H8N2O).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Synthetic Route of C9H8N2O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Novel Computational Approach by Combining Machine Learning with Molecular Thermodynamics for Predicting Drug Solubility in Solvents was written by Ge, Kai;Ji, Yuanhui. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2021.SDS of cas: 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

In this work, a novel strategy that combined mol. thermodn. and machine learning was proposed to accurately predict the solubility of drugs in various solvents. The strategy was based on 16 mol. descriptors representing drug-drug interactions and drug-solvent interactions including phys. parameters, pure perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) parameters of drugs and solvents, and mixing rules. These mol. descriptors were inputted into five machine learning algorithms [multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), extremely randomized trees (ET), and support vector machine (SVM)] to train the predictive model. A single-hidden-layer neural network was finally determined as the predictive model for predicting the solubility of drugs in various solvents. The drug solubility in the generalization evaluation set has also been successfully predicted, which indicates the good prediction performance of the model. Three directions for improving the model were summarized as adding mol. descriptors of drug-solvent interactions in the water system and drug-drug interactions in the organic solvent system and expanding the dataset to adequately obtain the features of multiple drugs. These findings show that the proposed model has the capability of solubility prediction, which is expected to provide important information for drug development and drug solvent screening. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5SDS of cas: 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.SDS of cas: 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Optimised chemical synthesis of 5-substituted UDP-sugars and their evaluation as glycosyltransferase inhibitors was written by Tedaldi, Lauren M.;Pierce, Michael;Wagner, Gerd K.. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Research in 2012.Computed Properties of C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

We have investigated the applicability of different chem. methods for pyrophosphate bond formation to the synthesis of 5-substituted UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine derivatives The use of phosphoromorpholidate chem., in conjunction with N-methylimidazolium chloride as the promoter, was identified as the most reliable synthetic protocol for the preparation of these non-natural sugar-nucleotides. Under these conditions, the primary synthetic targets 5-iodo UDP-galactose and 5-iodo UDP-N-acetylglucosamine were consistently obtained in isolated yields of 40-43%. Both 5-iodo UDP-sugars were used successfully as substrates in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with 5-formylthien-2-ylboronic acid under aqueous conditions. Importantly, 5-iodo UDP-GlcNAc and 5-(5-formylthien-2-yl) UDP-GlcNAc showed moderate inhibitory activity against the GlcNAc transferase GnT-V, providing the first examples for the inhibition of a GlcNAc transferase by a base-modified donor analog. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Computed Properties of C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Computed Properties of C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Spherical activated carbon modified by polymerized ionic liquid for the removal of ibuprofen from water was written by Xu, Xiao;An, Xiaoning. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology in 2016.Electric Literature of C9H15F6N2P This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND: The adsorption capacity of activated carbon has been found to improve through modification with ionic liquids However, ionic liquids tend to sep. from the activated carbon when exposed to water even for a relatively short period. RESULTS: Characterization of spherical activated carbon (SAC) modified with poly(1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) (PIL) showed that 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) was adsorbed and polymerized on SAC. Stability studies of PIL-SAC in water demonstrated that it was more stable against IL desorption in water than the non-polymerized IL-SAC. The adsorption data showed that the modification improved the adsorption capacity of SAC at least 2-fold. The results also indicated that although the pH and ionic strength of the solution played a significant role in the adsorption process, there was no significant influence on the adsorption capacity. Moreover, PIL-SAC could be reused at least five times with only minor losses in its adsorption capacity. CONCLUSION : The activated carbon modified with PIL produces a remarkable increase in the ibuprofen adsorption capacity and strongly decreases undesirable desorption of ionic liquids In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-vinyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate(V) (cas: 915358-85-9Electric Literature of C9H15F6N2P).

1-Butyl-3-vinyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate(V) (cas: 915358-85-9) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Electric Literature of C9H15F6N2P

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

A new approach to sepiolite dispersion by treatment with ionic liquids was written by de Lima, Juliana A.;Camilo, Fernanda F.;Faez, Roselena;Cruz, Sandra A.. And the article was included in Applied Clay Science in 2017.Safety of 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide This article mentions the following:

The possibility of sepiolite disaggregation is a challenge to enhance significantly its performance and extend its application. In this direction, this work introduces the treatment of sepiolite (Sep) with three different ionic liquid (IL). The used ionic liquids were 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (BMImTf₂N), 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (OMImTf₂N) and 1-methyl-3- dodecylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (DMImTf₂N). The influence on structural, thermal properties and morphol. in Sep treated with IL were evaluated using Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric anal. (TG), field emission SEM (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N₂ sorption measurements, ²⁹Si NMR (²⁹Si NMR) and zeta potential. Sepiolite structure was preserved for all the samples treated with ionic liquids FTIR and XRD results show that BMImTf₂N substitutes water mols. coordinated to Mg⁺² more efficiently. Thermogravimetric anal. indicated that the interaction between Sep and IL delayed the release of water. From these data, it was also possible to confirm the presence of 5 mass% of IL in all samples. FESEM and TEM images demonstrated more disaggregated Sep fibers with IL, especially the samples treated with BMImTf₂N. This fact is attributed to the immobilization of ionic liquid on Sep tunnels, which is coherent with ²⁹Si NMR analyses. The potential applications of these modified sepiolites are as reinforcing agent for polymers, template for nanostructured materials and support for catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5Safety of 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide).

3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Safety of 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Determination of the preferred tautomeric form of 4-nitrohistidine was written by Pedoroso, Enrique;Grandas, Anna;Dolors Ludevid, Maria;Giralt, Ernest. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1986.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole This article mentions the following:

N^α-Acetyl-4-nitrohistidine Me ester (I) was methylated with CH₂N₂ to give 33% N³-Me derivative II, whereas I was methylated with MeI/KOH in MeOH to give a mixture of 17% II and 11% N¹-Me derivative III. Spectrophotometric pKa determinations of II and III were used to determine the position of the tautomeric equilibrium of I. The N¹-H tautomer is the predominant form with an equilibrium constant K_T of 48. This is supported by the ¹H and ¹³C NMR chem. shifts of the imidazole ring atoms and their changes from neutral to acidic media. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Pathways of the Chemical Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Ionic Liquids and Amines in Ionic Liquid Solution was written by Kortunov, Pavel V.;Baugh, Lisa Saunders;Siskin, Michael. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2015.Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

This paper focuses specifically on certain ionic liquids that are capable of acting as chemisorbents for CO₂ at ambient pressure and temperature This low-pressure approach based on chem. reactivity is more effective than traditional phys. absorption/solubility approaches for CO₂ capture in ionic liquids for higher pressure carbon capture. We describe a class of imidazolium ionic liquids bearing a relatively acidic hydrogen atom at C-2, which upon initial abstraction develops a nucleophilic carbon atom that is carboxylated by CO₂. Basicity of the anion plays a role in the ability to remove the acidic hydrogen to generate the nucleophilic carbon. The yield of carboxylated ionic liquid is not affected by non-aqueous co-solvents but changes as a function of the CO₂ partial pressure, solution temperature, and presence of H₂O in solution CO₂ chemisorption by ionic liquids is particularly efficient in the presence of a non-nucleophilic nitrogenous base that serves to promote ionic liquid carboxylation and stabilize the carboxylic acid product as a salt. Selected ionic liquids are able to stabilize the formation of amine carbamic acids in the ionic liquid solution In this case, each amine captures up to 1 CO₂ mol., which is beneficial for the overall CO₂ capacity in the solution Carboxylation of the ionic liquids themselves is lower because the basic anion of the ionic liquid also stabilizes N-carboxylated products. In-situ ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectroscopy using a built-in micro reactor was used to provide real-time insights on CO₂-ionic liquid and CO₂-amine reaction pathways and product speciation under various conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem