Month: January 2023

Polarographic and electrochemical studies of some aromatic and heterocyclic nitro compounds. Part III: Electroreduction of mono- and dinitropyrazoles and -imidazoles was written by Dumanovic, D.;Jovanovic, J.;Suznjevic, D.;Erceg, M.;Zuman, P.. And the article was included in Electroanalysis in 1992.Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2 This article mentions the following:

The reduction of mono- and dinitropyrazoles and of nitroimidazoles follows the general pattern of reduction of aromatic nitro compounds: the nitro group is reduced in a 4-electron step to a hydroxylamino group and the protonated form of the hydroxylamino group is – in the lower pH range – further reduced to an amine. This reduction differs from that of nitrobenzenes in participation of a 2nd hydrogen ion probably involved in protonation of the heterocyclic ring. This 2nd proton is for nitroimidazoles transferred before the uptake of the 1st electron, for nitropyrazoles probably after this uptake. The transfer of the 2nd electron is the potential determining step. The 2 sequences are H⁺, H⁺, e, H⁺, e, 2e, H⁺ and H⁺, e, H⁺, H⁺, e, 2e, H⁺, resp. For nitropyrazoles and nitroimidazoles without an alkyl substituent on the ring N, the reduction process is further complicated by the dissociation of the NH-group in the heterocyclic ring. For 1-alkyl-5-nitroimidazoles, for 4(5)-nitroimidazole and for N-unsubstituted-4- and 3(5)-nitropyrazoles (but not for 2-nitroimidazoles, 1-alkyl-4-nitroimidazoles and 1-alkylnitropyrazoles) the hydroxylamino derivative formed in the 1st 4-electron step undergoes a base catalyzed dehydration yielding a quinone-like ketimine. Easy reduction of this species results in alk. solutions in a limiting current which is significantly higher than corresponds to a 4-electron and limits to a 6-electron reduction Such dehydration reactions occur considerably faster for dihydroxylamino derivatives formed in the reduction of dinitropyrazoles resulting in 2 waves with total transfer of up to 12 electrons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Promising antiproliferative platinum(II) complexes based on imidazole moiety: synthesis, evaluation in HCT-116 cancer cell line and interaction with Ctr-1 Met-rich domain was written by Ferri, Nicola;Facchetti, Giorgio;Pellegrino, Sara;Ricci, Chiara;Curigliano, Giuseppe;Pini, Elena;Rimoldi, Isabella. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Product Details of 22600-77-7 This article mentions the following:

A series of imidazole based platinum(II) complexes (I–IV) were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cancer cell line, known for being partially resistant to cisplatin but sensitive to oxaliplatin. Lipophilicity was modulated by introducing differently long saturated and unsaturated chains at the N1 of the imidazole moiety. Pt-I displayed the higher cytotoxic effect achieving a IC₅₀ = 38.0 ± 14.1 μM, comparable to the oxaliplatin value. The interaction between the imidazole platinum(II) complexes and the octapeptide called Mets7, the methionine-rich motif mimicking the N-terminal domain of the yCtr-1, was evaluated in order to have a major insight of the uptake and the eventual resistance mechanisms for the so-synthesized novel platinum compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1H-Imidazol-2-yl)methanamine dihydrochloride (cas: 22600-77-7Product Details of 22600-77-7).

(1H-Imidazol-2-yl)methanamine dihydrochloride (cas: 22600-77-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Product Details of 22600-77-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Lignin Conversion Using Catalytic Ionic Liquids: Understanding the Role of Cations, Anions, and Hammett Acidity Functions was written by Singh, Sandip K.;Dhepe, Paresh L.. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2019.Application of 1632-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Because it is undisputable that lignin depolymerization is a must to make the biorefinery concept economically feasible, several efforts are put toward it; however, a lot of catalyst designing is required to achieve efficient depolymerization activities. In this work, we show a systematic approach in the synthesis and characterization of ionic liquids (ILs) with varying combinations of cations (imidazole, benzimidazole, phosphonium, and ammonium) and anions (HSO₄, PTS (p-toluenesulfonate), Cl, H₂PO₄, SnCl₃, FeCl₄, and CuCl₃) for the depolymerization of lignin into low-mol. weight aromatic fractions (<220 g/mol) under mild reaction conditions (120 °C, 1 h, ambient pressure). In a methodical approach, effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature (70-170 °C), time (15-360 min), pressure (N₂, 0.5-3 MPa), solvents and substrate, and so forth were studied to achieve best activity. Among all the catalysts, IL with the imidazolium cation and HSO₄ as the anion showed best activity (78% yield). Subsequent to depolymerization, three aromatic monomers (5 wt % pure vanillin) were isolated using flash column chromatog. These aromatic monomers were characterized using gas chromatog. (GC), GC-mass spectrometry, and NMR techniques for their purity. Hammett acidity functions (H₀) of ILs were measured using UV-vis photo-spectroscopy, and values are correlated with lignin depolymerization results. Lignin and tetrahydrofuran-soluble products were thoroughly characterized using assorted physicochem. techniques such as NMR (¹H and ¹³C), gel permittivity chromatog., thermogravimetric anal., and so forth. The catalyst was recycled up to six runs and showed similar results in consecutive reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Application of 1632-83-3).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Application of 1632-83-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Cobalt(II) containing liquid metal salts for electrodeposition of cobalt and electrochemical nanoparticle formation was written by Sniekers, Jeroen;Geysens, Pieter;Malaquias, Joao C.;Vander Hoogerstraete, Tom;Van Meervelt, Luc;Fransaer, Jan;Binnemans, Koen. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2017.Formula: C11H20N2 This article mentions the following:

Cobalt(II)-containing liquid metal salts (LMS) with N-alkylimidazole ligands and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (bistriflimide, Tf₂N^–) or methanesulfonate (mesylate, OMs^–) anions were synthesized and characterized. The chain length of the alkyl side chain on the imidazole ligand was varied. All compounds were characterized using CHN anal., DSC and FTIR measurements. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction measurements were performed on six of the compounds for which single crystals of good quality could be obtained. All cobalt(II) centers are six-coordinate with the N-alkylimidazole ligands in an octahedral configuration and the anions are non-coordinating. The same coordination environment was observed by EXAFS measurements on cobalt(II) liquid metal salts in the liquid state. The electrochem. properties of the compounds with the lowest melting temperatures were studied using cyclic voltammetry. Part of the current was consumed in the electrodeposition of cobalt, whereas the other part of the current was consumed in the electrochem. formation of cobalt(0) nanoparticles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Formula: C11H20N2).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Formula: C11H20N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Product class 4: benzimidazoles was written by Grimmett, M. R.. And the article was included in Science of Synthesis in 2002.Safety of 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Methods for preparing benzimidazoles are reviewed covering annulations to arenes, ring transformations, and aromatization. Modification of benzimidazole substituents are also included. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4Safety of 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Safety of 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Free-radical polymerization and copolymerization of acrylonitrile in ionic liquids was written by Vygodskii, Ya. S.;Mel’nik, O. A.;Lozinskaya, E. I.;Shaplov, A. S.. And the article was included in Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya, Seriya A i Seriya B in 2005.Synthetic Route of C7H13ClN2 This article mentions the following:

The free-radical polymerization of acrylonitrile and its copolymerization with Me methacrylate in ionic liquids based on 1,3-dialkyl-substituted imidazole were studied. It was shown that, in contrast to the case of common mol. solvents, the polymerization and copolymerization in liquid organic salts give high-mol.-mass polyacrylonitrile and copolymers with high yields, with the former polymer showing a higher onset temperature of degradation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Synthetic Route of C7H13ClN2).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Synthetic Route of C7H13ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Langmuir films of 2-alkyl benzimidazoles on aqueous AgNO₃ subphase and the layer structures of the transferred films was written by Wu, Yi-Tian;Liu, Ming-Hua. And the article was included in Wuli Huaxue Xuebao in 2004.Formula: C15H22N2 This article mentions the following:

The formation of stable Langmuir films on the aqueous AgNO₃ subphase of 2-alkyl benzimidazoles(BzCn) with various chain lengths (from C5 to C15) and the layer structures of the transferred films were described. From the surface pressure-area isotherm, the true monolayer could be formed for the short chain derivatives, while multilayer structures for the long ones. All of the Langmuir films could be transferred to solid substrate. The measurement of the UV spectra of the transferred LB films confirmed the coordination between benzimidazole group and Ag(I) ion in the Langmuir films. The effect of the length of alkyl chains on the structure of the transferred LB films was revealed by application of at. force microscopy, FF-IR spectra and XRD measurement. Except for BzC15, a regular layer structure was formed. Characterization of the morphol. points to the formation of the neat LB film for the short derivatives and multilayer structure for BzC15. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Octylbenzimidazole (cas: 13060-24-7Formula: C15H22N2).

2-Octylbenzimidazole (cas: 13060-24-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Formula: C15H22N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Exploitation of localized surface plasmon resonance of silver/gold nanoparticles for the fluorescence quantification of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in their tablets and bio-samples was written by Alarfaj, N. A.;Altamimi, S. A.;El-Tohamy, M. F.;Almahri, A. M.. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Product Details of 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

The present study suggested six different fluorometric systems for the determination of three angiotensin II receptor antagonists, candesartan cilexetil (CDC), valsartan (VAL) and telmisartan (TEL) in their bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The fluorescence intensities (FIs) were recorded by measuring the high catalytic potential activity of silver or gold nanoparticles (AgNPs or AuNPs) at λ_ex 525, 420 and 330 nm and λ_em 555, 490 and 400 nm for CDC, VAL and TEL, resp. All exptl. measurements were carried out under optimum conditions using the CDC-Tb(III)-AgNPs, CDC-Tb(III)-AuNPs, VAL-Eu(III)-AgNPs, VAL-Eu(III)-AuNPs, TEL-SDS-AgNPs and TEL-SDS-AuNPs systems. The fluorescence (FL) signals displayed linear concentration ranges of 0.01-300, 0.02-120 and 2.0-30 ng mL^-1 for CDC, VAL and TEL in the presence of AgNPs, resp., and 0.05-60, 0.1-80 and 0.1-250 ng mL^-1 for the same drugs in the presence of AuNPs, resp. The influence of possible coexisting species and additives was tested. ICH guidelines were followed to validate the developed methods. All suggested FL systems were successfully used to monitor the studied drugs in bulk, tablets and bio-samples. The obtained data were compared with those of other reported methods revealing high agreement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Product Details of 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Product Details of 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Characterization of the ionic liquid obtained by chlorosulfonation of 1-methylimidazole: 1-methyl-3-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride, 1-methylimidazolium chlorosulfate or a zwitterionic salt? was written by Urban, Bela;Szalontai, Gabor;Papp, Mate;Feher, Csaba;Benyei, Attila C.;Skoda-Foldes, Rita. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Safety of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

A great number of organic reactions catalyzed by the ionic liquid product of chlorosulfonation of 1-methylimidazole have been reported recently. At the same time controversial assumptions have appeared on the real structure of the catalyst. In the present report the primarily formed chlorosulfonation product is proved to be 1-methylimidazolium chlorosulfate ([HMim]⁺[SO₃Cl]^–) instead of 1-methyl-3-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride, reported previously. The former structure is confirmed by X-ray crystallog. and NMR spectroscopy, including ¹H-, ¹³C-, ¹⁷O- and ¹⁵N-¹H HSQC measurements. ¹H and ¹⁷O NMR experiments support fast hydrolysis of [HMim] [SO₃Cl] resulting in the formation of [HMim][HSO₄] in the presence of traces of water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Safety of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Safety of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ionization constants, and ultraviolet and infrared spectra of 4(7)- and 5(6)-halogenated benzimidazoles was written by Rabiger, D. J.;Joullie, M. M.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1964.Reference of 83741-35-9 This article mentions the following:

For a series of 4(7)- and 5(6)-halogenated benzimidazoles, the ionization constants show that for compounds with a halogen atom in either the 4(7)- or the 5(6)-position the basicity decreases in the order F > I > Cl > Br. Attempts were made to correlate the effect of substituents on the pK_a values of benzimidazoles by means of the Hammett equation; no relation could be established for 5(6)-substituted compounds, presumably because of the tautomeric nature of the ring, but a satisfactory correlation was obtained for the 4(7)- halogenated benzimidazoles. The ultraviolet data indicate that the implied order of overall electron release for halogen atoms in both the 4(7)- and the 5(6)-position is I > Br > Cl > F. The infrared spectra of these halogenated benzimidazoles are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazole (cas: 83741-35-9Reference of 83741-35-9).

4-Bromo-1H-benzoimidazole (cas: 83741-35-9) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Reference of 83741-35-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem