Self-Induced Nucleation During the Antisolvent Crystallization Process of Candesartan Cilexetil was written by Gao, Zhenguo;Wu, Yang;Wu, Yuanyi;Gong, Junbo;Bao, Ying;Wang, Jingkang;Rohani, Sohrab. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate This article mentions the following:
We report that the induction time goes through a maximum with increasing the agitation rate, while the majority of studies in the literature have noted a monotonic decrease in the nucleation rate with increasing the agitation rate. Candesartan cilexetil was studied as the model compound during an antisolvent crystallization process. A self-induced nucleation mechanism was proposed based on process tracking anal. by using the focused beam reflectance measurement, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and an off-line differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instrument. The prenucleation clusters generated by the instantaneous change of local supersaturation during the addition of antisolvent were separated and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and hot-stage microscopy. Results indicate the prenucleation clusters are an amorphous phase with a lower m.p. compared with the crystalline state. The prenucleation clusters acted as a nucleation inducer at low agitation level to promote the nucleation. On the contrary, the prenucleation clusters dissolved entirely at the high stirring rate before crystal nucleation occurred, which resulted in a maximum in the induction time with the change of stirring speed. In-situ Raman and DSC results combined with the single crystal structure information on acetone solvate show the evolution from prenucleation clusters to solvate crystals. This study helps to understand the nucleation mechanism during the antisolvent crystallization process, especially for the process scale-up with the observed inconsistencies in the nucleation rate with mixing rate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Application In Synthesis of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate).
1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Application In Synthesis of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem