On December 31, 2003, Chen, Hauh-Jyun Candy; Hong, Chia-Liang; Wu, Chan-Fu; Chiu, Wei-Loong published an article.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one The title of the article was Effect of cigarette smoking on urinary 3,N4-ethenocytosine levels measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. And the article contained the following:
Etheno DNA adducts are DNA damages derived from exogenous carcinogens as well as endogenous lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Elevated levels of etheno DNA adducts were found in cancer-prone tissues and blood samples, suggesting that these promutagenic lesions correlate with risk of cancers. The authors previously reported the detection of 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εCyt) in the urine samples of 2 smokers using the isotope dilution gas chromatog./neg. ion chem. ionization/mass spectrometry (GC/NICI/MS) assay (Chen et al., 2001, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14, 1612-1619). Since smokers are found to have elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, the authors examined the association between urinary εCyt levels with cigarette smoking. Among the 23 samples analyzed, the average concentration of urinary εCyt in smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers, 2.65 ± 4.0 vs. 0.61 ± 0.90 ng/kg/g creatinine (p = 0.03). Albeit the number of subjects is limited, the results indicate that the measurement of εCyt in human urine may provide a useful noninvasive biomarker for oxidative DNA damage and cancer chemoprevention studies. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one
The Article related to ethenocytosine urine cigarette smoking biomarker oxidative stress, Toxicology: Tobacco and other aspects.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem