On January 31, 2012, Ringer, Simone K.; Portier, Karine G.; Fourel, Isabelle; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Regula published an article.Category: imidazoles-derivatives The title of the article was Development of a romifidine constant rate infusion with or without butorphanol for standing sedation of horses. And the article contained the following:
Objective To determine constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols for romifidine (R) and romifidine combined with butorphanol (RB) resulting in constant sedation and romifidine plasma concentrations Study design Blinded randomized crossover study. Animals Ten adult research horses. Methods Part I: After determining normal height of head above ground (HHAG = 100%), loading doses of romifidine (80 渭g kg-1) with butorphanol (RB: 18 渭g kg-1) or saline (R) were given i.v. (IV). Immediately afterwards, a butorphanol (RB: 25 渭g kg-1 hour-1) or saline (R) CRI was administered for 2 h. The HHAG was used as marker of sedation depth. Sedation was maintained for 2 h by addnl. romifidine (20 渭g kg-1) whenever HHAG > 50%. The dose rate of romifidine (渭g kg-1 hour-1) required to maintain sedation was calculated for both treatments. Part II: After loading doses, the romifidine CRIs derived from part I were administered in parallel to butorphanol (RB) or saline (R). Sedation and ataxia were evaluated periodically. Romifidine plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS-MS at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 105, and 120 min. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test. Wilcoxon signed rank test, and two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (p < 0.05). Results There was no significant difference in romifidine requirements (R: 30; RB: 29 渭g kg-1 hour-1). CRI protocols leading to constant sedation were developed. Time to first addnl. romifidine bolus was significantly longer in RB (mean 卤 SD, R: 38.5 卤 13.6; RB: 50.5 卤 11.7 min). Constant plasma concentrations of romifidine were achieved during the second hour of CRI. Ataxia was greater when butorphanol was added. Conclusion Romifidine bolus, followed by CRI, provided constant sedation assessed by HHAG. Butorphanol was ineffective in reducing romifidine requirements in unstimulated horses, but prolonged the sedation caused by the initial romifidine bolus. Clin. relevance Both protocols need to be tested under clin. conditions. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Category: imidazoles-derivatives
The Article related to sedative sedivet constant rate infusion morphasol sedation horse, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Category: imidazoles-derivatives
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