On March 31, 2009, Portier, Karine G.; Jaillardon, Laetitia; Leece, Elizabeth A.; Walsh, Catherine M. published an article.Synthetic Route of 65896-14-2 The title of the article was Castration of horses under total intravenous anaesthesia: analgesic effects of lidocaine. And the article contained the following:
Objective: To evaluate the effects of local anesthesia with lidocaine for castration of horses under i.v. anesthesia. Study design: Prospective, randomized, blinded clin. trial. Animals: Fifteen equidae, scheduled to undergo castration under total i.v. anesthesia, were randomly distributed in two groups. One group received lidocaine injections (group L: two ponies, four horses, two donkeys) and the other received saline (group S: two ponies, three horses, two donkeys). Methods: Behavior, heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (fR) were evaluated prior to anesthesia. Body mass was measured using an electronic scale and testicular volumes were estimated The animals were anesthetized with acepromazine i.m. and romifidine i.v. followed 10 min later by ketamine. Following romifidine administration lidocaine or saline was administered s.c. along the incision line and by intratesticular and intrafunicular injection. Based on clin. observations (movement, fR, and cranial nerve reflexes) incremental i.v. doses of ketamine and romifidine were administered. HR, fR, oscillometric mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), duration of surgery, movement and addnl. doses were recorded. Surgical conditions were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a simple descriptive scale (SDS). Recovery was assessed by two assistants, unaware of treatment, acting sep. using a VAS and a SDS. Group means were compared using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests and the Kruskal-Wallis signed rank test for matched pairs used to compare groups at different points (p < 0.05). Results: The number (median, range) of incremental doses (4 [1-5] compared to 1.5 [1-4]) and movements (1 [1-5] compared to 0 [0-1]) were higher (p = 0.01 for both) in the control group than in the lidocaine group. Groups were similar for other recorded variables. Conclusions and clin. relevance: These results show the effectiveness of lidocaine used as a local anesthetic adjunct to i.v. anesthesia in horses undergoing castration. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Synthetic Route of 65896-14-2
The Article related to analgesic lurocaine total intravenous anesthesia calmivet sedivet chlorketam castration, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 65896-14-2
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