《Aggregation and Particle Formation During Pumping of an Antibody Formulation Are Controlled by Electrostatic Interactions Between Pump Surfaces and Protein Molecules》 was written by Wu, Hao; Randolph, Theodore W.. Formula: C21H25ClN2 And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:
Aggregates and particles may be generated by pos. displacement piston pumps during fill-finishing operations for protein formulations. We investigated potential factors that might contribute to aggregation in i.v. IgG (IVIG) formulations during pumping, including electrostatic interactions between protein mols. and pump surfaces, cavitation, and aggregate nucleation from particles shed from pumps. Electrostatic interactions were investigated by modifying pump surface chem. Cavitation as a potential cause of particle formation was investigated by changing pumping speeds, and the possibility that particles shed from pump surfaces act to nucleate protein aggregation was explored by spiking prepumped buffer solutions into IVIG formulations. Neither cavitation nor particles shed from pump surfaces played dominant roles in generating particles. Per pump cycle, production of particles and protein aggregates was constant, and corresponded with the amount of protein expected to adsorb on pump surfaces at monolayer coverage. More subvisible particles and protein aggregates were generated in formulations containing higher concentrations of IVIG, but they reached a plateau at protein concentrations above 2 mg/mL, where adsorption isotherms saturated Neg. charged pump surfaces interacted with the pos. charged IVIG to produce more particles and aggregates than pos. charged surfaces, an effect ascribed to electrostatic interactions that moderated rates of protein adsorption. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8Formula: C21H25ClN2)
1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.Formula: C21H25ClN2
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem